1. Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) in Posterior Cranial Fossa Tumors: A Scoping Review of Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Perspectives.
- Author
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Mousa, Danai-Priskila V., Mavrovounis, Georgios, Argyropoulos, Dionysios, Stranjalis, George, and Kalamatianos, Theodosis
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BRAIN tumor treatment , *SKULL , *MUSCLE cells , *ONLINE information services , *HISTIOCYTOSIS , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY , *GLIOMAS , *ANAPLASTIC lymphoma kinase , *BRAIN tumors , *CANCER , *ANAPLASTIC large-cell lymphoma , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *LITERATURE reviews , *MEDLINE ,BRAIN tumor diagnosis - Abstract
Simple Summary: Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) is a protein linked to cancer growth. A review of scientific studies was conducted to understand ALK's role in certain brain tumors, particularly those not originating from glial cells (supportive cells in the brain) and located in the lower back part of the brain. From an initial pool of 992 studies, 16 were found to be relevant. These studies focused on 55 cases of tumors displaying ALK presence or ALK alterations, including medulloblastoma, lymphoma, histiocytosis, and other rare tumors. Studies mainly used tissue analysis and genetic testing to study ALK. Findings suggest that examining ALK can help in diagnosing and predicting the outcome of some of these brain tumors, especially medulloblastoma. Interestingly, many cases of brain histiocytosis (a rare condition) with ALK changes were found in this area. These findings point to the potential benefits of targeting ALK in treating certain brain tumors, a promising area for future research. Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) has been implicated in several human cancers. This review aims at mapping the available literature on the involvement of ALK in non-glial tumors localized in the posterior cranial fossa and at identifying diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic considerations. Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, studies were included if they investigated ALK's role in primary CNS, non-glial tumors located in the posterior cranial fossa. A total of 210 manuscripts were selected for full-text review and 16 finally met the inclusion criteria. The review included 55 cases of primary, intracranial neoplasms with ALK genetic alterations and/or protein expression, located in the posterior fossa, comprising of medulloblastoma, anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, histiocytosis, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors, and intracranial myxoid mesenchymal tumors. ALK pathology was investigated via immunohistochemistry or genetic analysis. Several studies provided evidence for potential diagnostic and prognostic value for ALK assessment as well as therapeutic efficacy in its targeting. The available findings on ALK in posterior fossa tumors are limited. Nevertheless, previous findings suggest that ALK assessment is of diagnostic and prognostic value in medulloblastoma (WNT-activated). Interestingly, a substantial proportion of ALK-positive/altered CNS histiocytoses thus far identified have been localized in the posterior fossa. The therapeutic potential of ALK inhibition in histiocytosis warrants further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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