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Hypopharyngeal cancer usually presents at a locally advanced stage. Almost all patients are treated with a curative intent. As surgical approaches are functionally and cosmetically morbid, nonsurgical modalities are preferred. This review emphasizes a comprehensive diagnosis workflow, the integration of less toxic induction chemotherapy regimens, and a multidisciplinary approach to patient care. It aims to optimize treatment outcomes while preserving quality of life, particularly in the Indian healthcare context.

Oropharyngeal cancer typically presents at a nonmetastatic stage and is primarily treated with curative intent. While surgical options are available, they are often associated with significant functional and cosmetic morbidity, leading to a preference for nonsurgical modalities. The updated guidelines address the management of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in the Indian context, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach. The guidelines detail diagnosis workflows, treatment protocols for early-stage and locally advanced cancers, and the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) status in guiding therapy. Special attention is given to emerging treatment deintensification strategies for HPV-associated cancers, aiming to optimize outcomes while minimizing treatment-related toxicity.

Oral cavity cancer (OCC) essentially presents at a non-metastatic stage. Almost all patients are treated with a curative intent. Surgical approaches are the mainstay of treatment accompanied by radiotherapy and chemotherapy where applicable. This updated guideline emphasizes a personalized approach to the treatment of OCC, considering tumor characteristics, patient preferences, and the latest advancements in diagnostic methods. These guidelines aim to optimize treatment strategies, improve patient quality of life, and ensure adherence to the most current clinical practices in managing OCC, especially with respect to the Indian scenario.

Head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains a significant public health concern, particularly in India, where its incidence is disproportionately high due to risk factors such as tobacco and alcohol use. The updated guidelines for the management of HNSCC reflect a comprehensive review of current evidence and practices tailored to the Indian context. They emphasize a multidisciplinary approach and the integration of novel therapeutic modalities, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and metronomic chemotherapy. Enhanced diagnostic protocols and a focus on supportive care underscore the commitment to improving patient outcomes and quality of life. This update aims to provide healthcare professionals with clear, evidence-based recommendations that address the unique challenges faced by patients with HNSCC in India.

Laryngeal cancer typically presents at a nonmetastatic stage, and the majority of patients are treated with curative intent. Due to the functional and cosmetic morbidities associated with surgical approaches, nonsurgical modalities are increasingly favored. This update to the guidelines emphasizes a multidisciplinary approach tailored to the Indian healthcare context, enhancing treatment strategies and optimizing patient outcomes. Key recommendations include the use of concurrent chemoradiotherapy and induction chemotherapy regimens, with a focus on organ preservation whenever feasible.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare malignancy that poses significant treatment challenges, particularly in the context of curative intent. This updated guideline consolidates contemporary evidence and clinical practices tailored to the Indian healthcare landscape. It emphasizes a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment, incorporating advances in chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and supportive care. Key recommendations include the use of induction chemotherapy for locoregionally advanced cases, detailed risk stratification, and specific management strategies for recurrent and metastatic disease, all aimed at improving patient outcomes.