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Abstract Objective Leukocyte‐associated immunoglobulin‐like receptor‐1 (LAIR‐1), is an immunosuppressive receptor, widely expressed by immune cells, but the part of LAIR‐1 in glioma progression remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between LAIR‐1 expression and the development of lower‐grade glioma (LGG) using publicly available data sets. Methods We took advantage of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to analyze the expression of LAIR‐1 in patients with LGG. Second, Kaplan‐Meier methods and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to examine the clinical significance of LAIR‐1 expression in combination with CGGA databases, and then receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to verify the prognostic utility of LAIR‐1. Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were used to explore the function of LAIR‐1. Analysis of the correlation with immune infiltration was conducted using the ESTIMATE algorithm and single sample gene set enrichment analysis. Results Our results showed that LAIR‐1 expression to be positively correlated with malignant clinicopathologic features of LGG. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis revealed that overexpression of LAIR‐1 was correlated with a worse prognosis in patients. A nomogram model combining LAIR‐1 was more useful in guiding clinical diagnosis, and functional enrichment analysis showed that malignant development of glioma was closely affiliated with the tumor immune microenvironment. Conclusion These results indicate that LAIR 1 is a latent marker for determining the prognosis of LGG patients. LAIR 1 may also participate a critical part in TIME of LGG by regulating the infiltration of immune cells, suggesting that LAIR 1 might be used as a therapeutic target to regulate the antitumor immune response.

Abstract Background The therapeutic effects of conventional treatment on gliomas are not promising. The tumor microenvironment (TME) has a close association with the invasiveness of multiple types of tumors, including low‐grade gliomas (LGG). This study aims to validate the prognostic and immune‐related role of macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) in LGG patients. Methods Data in this study were obtained from public databases. The differential expression of MSR1 was analyzed in LGG patients with different clinicopathological characteristics. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, a time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and Cox regression analysis were used to assess the prognostic value of MSR1. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened between the high and low expression groups of MSR1. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were used to annotate the function of these DEGs. Hallmark gene sets were identified based on MSR1 by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Difference analysis and correlation analysis were used to study the relationship between MSR1 and TME‐related scores, tumor‐infiltrating immune cells (TIICs), immune‐related gene sets, and immune checkpoints (ICPs). The single‐cell sequencing data were processed to identify the cell types expressing MSR1. The quantification of TIICs in TME was calculated by single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). The differential expression of MSR1 in LGG and control brain tissues was verified by experiments. Results There were significant differences in the expression level of MSR1 in different types of tissues and cells. MSR1 has a high prognostic value in LGG patients and can be used as an independent prognostic factor. MSR1 is closely related to TME and may play an important role in the immunotherapy of LGG patients. Conclusions The result of our study demonstrated that MSR1 is an independent prognostic biomarker in LGG patients and may play an important role in the TME of LGGs.