Search

Abstract: We investigated the antileukemia effects and molecular mechanisms of apoptosis induction by simultaneous blockade of PI3K and mutant FLT3 in AML cells grown under hypoxia in co-cultures with bone marrow stromal cells. Combined treatment with selective class I PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941 and sorafenib reversed the protective effects of bone marrow stromal cells on FLT3-mutant AML cells in hypoxia, which was associated with downregulation of Pim-1 and Mcl-1 expression levels. These findings suggest that combined inhibition of PI3K and FLT3-ITD may constitute a targeted approach to eradicating chemoresistant AML cells sequestered in hypoxic bone marrow niches. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Since phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors are primarily cytostatic against glioblastoma, we searched for new drug combinations. Here, we discover that the PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941 acts in concert with the natural compound B10, a glycosylated derivative of betulinic acid, to induce cell death in glioblastoma cells. Importantly, parallel experiments in primary glioblastoma cultures similarly show that GDC-0941 and B10 cooperate to trigger cell death, underscoring the clinical relevance of this finding. Molecular studies revealed that treatment with GDC-0941 stimulates the expression and nuclear translocation of Transcription Factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis, the lysosomal membrane marker LAMP-1 and the mature form of cathepsin B. Also, GDC-0941 triggers a time-dependent increase of the lysosomal compartment in a TFEB-dependent manner, since knockdown of TFEB significantly reduces this GDC-0941-stimulated lysosomal enhancement. Importantly, GDC-0941 cooperates with B10 to trigger lysosomal membrane permeabilization, leading to increased activation of Bax, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), caspase-3 activation and cell death. Addition of the cathepsin B inhibitor CA-074me reduces Bax activation, loss of MMP, caspase-3 activation and cell death upon treatment with GDC-0941/B10. By comparison, knockdown of caspase-3 or the broad-range caspase inhibitor zVAD.fmk inhibits GDC-0941/B10-induced DNA fragmentation, but does not prevent cell death, thus pointing to both caspase-dependent and -independent pathways. By identifying the combination of GDC-0941 and B10 as a new, potent strategy to trigger cell death in glioblastoma cells, our findings have important implications for the development of novel treatment approaches for glioblastoma. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstractct: The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a central node in a complex signaling network that is regulated by several pathways deregulated in human cancers, including the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways. Targeting mTOR therefore presents an opportunity for therapeutic intervention. However, mTOR inhibition with rapamycin analogs or kinase inhibitors reduces cell growth but does not induce apoptosis, and the clinical benefit of rapamycin analogs has been modest. In this study we show that mTOR kinase inhibitors can potentiate apoptosis when used in combination with upstream targeted agents such as PI3K and MEK inhibitors. This increased apoptosis is dependent on genetic background, and correlates with active growth factor survival pathways. In PI3K mutant tumors, mTOR inhibition leads to partial reactivation of Akt which allows cells to survive, whereas in KRAS mutant tumors, this same reactivation of Akt occurs but is not required for cell survival. These data suggest the use of selected rational combinations of mTOR kinase inhibitors with other targeted inhibitors in specific tumor genotypes to achieve the maximal cytotoxic response by inhibiting two nodes in the activated signaling network. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The present study showed that GDC-0941 potently sensitized breast cancer to ABT-737 in vitro and in vivo. ABT-737 exhibited limited lethality in breast cancer cells; however, when combined with GDC-0941, it displayed strong synergistic cytotoxicity and enhanced caspase-mediated apoptosis. GDC-0941 promoted proteasomal degradation of Mcl-1, of which the overexpression has been validated to confer ABT-737 resistance, thereby enhanced the anticancer efficacy of ABT-737. Furthermore, the combination of GDC-0941 and ABT-737 exerted increased anti-tumor efficacy on MDA-MB-231 xenograft models. Overall, our data described unprecedentedly the promising therapeutic potential and underlying mechanisms of combining GDC-0941 with ABT-737 in treating breast cancer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]