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Background: Over the last 15 years, a number of combination chemotherapy regimens have been reported to induce more than 80% complete remissions (CR) in patients with advanced Hodgkin disease (HD). Almost all such studies have been conducted in large institutions from North America and Europe. It remains to be proven, however, that those regimens are equally effective for the larger population of patients with HD who live in very different social conditions in third-world countries., Methods: Fifty-nine patients with advanced-stage or early bulky HD were treated in two public hospitals with the C-MOPP/ABV hybrid program, in which cyclophosphamide was substituted for mechlorethamine., Results: The median number of cycles administered was six, and the median follow-up was 32 months. Fifty patients (85%) reached a CR. The actuarial failure-free survival (FFS) rate was 69%, and the actuarial overall survival rate was 78% at 68 months. The only significant prognostic factor that predicted for improved FFS rate was the absence of B symptoms (P = 0.02). Overall survival was better for patients who reached a CR (P = 0.0003) and those with no systemic symptoms (P = 0.007). Toxic effects were moderate, with one treatment-related death and six episodes of serious infection., Conclusions: The target population consisted of lower-class Brazilians, many living in poor social conditions. Nevertheless, these results compare equitably with other results reported in the literature. C-MOPP/ABV is an adequate treatment for HD in third-world populations.