1. Feasibility, efficacy, and adverse effects of outpatient antibacterial prophylaxis in children with acute myeloid leukemia.
- Author
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Inaba H, Gaur AH, Cao X, Flynn PM, Pounds SB, Avutu V, Marszal LN, Howard SC, Pui CH, Ribeiro RC, Hayden RT, and Rubnitz JE
- Subjects
- Administration, Oral, Adolescent, Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage, Anti-Bacterial Agents adverse effects, Bacteremia microbiology, Bacteremia prevention & control, Bacterial Infections epidemiology, Candidiasis diagnosis, Cefepime, Cephalosporins administration & dosage, Child, Child, Preschool, Ciprofloxacin administration & dosage, Consolidation Chemotherapy adverse effects, Drug Therapy, Combination, Feasibility Studies, Female, Humans, Incidence, Induction Chemotherapy adverse effects, Infant, Infusions, Intravenous, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute pathology, Male, Neoplasm Staging, Nose microbiology, Outpatients statistics & numerical data, Rectum microbiology, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome, Vancomycin administration & dosage, Young Adult, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Antibiotic Prophylaxis adverse effects, Antibiotic Prophylaxis methods, Antibiotic Prophylaxis statistics & numerical data, Antibiotic Prophylaxis trends, Bacterial Infections microbiology, Bacterial Infections prevention & control, Chemotherapy-Induced Febrile Neutropenia prevention & control, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute drug therapy
- Abstract
Background: Intensive chemotherapy for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia incurs the risk of infectious complications, but the benefits of antibiotic prophylaxis remain unclear., Methods: In the current study, among 103 children treated on the AML02 protocol between October 2002 and October 2008 at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, the authors retrospectively assessed the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis on the frequency of febrile neutropenia, clinically or microbiologically confirmed infections (including bacteremia), and antibiotic resistance, as well as on the results of nasal and rectal surveillance cultures. Initially, patients received no prophylaxis or oral cephalosporin (group A). The protocol was then amended to administer intravenous cefepime alone or intravenous vancomycin plus either oral cephalosporin, oral ciprofloxacin, or intravenous cefepime (group B)., Results: There were 334 infectious episodes. Patients in group A had a significantly greater frequency of documented infections and bacteremia (both P < .0001) (including gram-positive and gram-negative bacteremia; P = .0003 and .001, respectively) compared with patients in group B, especially viridans streptococcal bacteremia (P = .001). The incidence of febrile neutropenia without documented infection was not found to be different between the 2 groups. Five cases of bacteremia with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) occurred in group B (vs none in group A), without related mortality. Two of these cases were preceded by positive VRE rectal surveillance cultures., Conclusions: Outpatient intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis is feasible in children with acute myeloid leukemia and reduces the frequency of documented infection but not of febrile neutropenia. Despite the emergence of VRE bacteremia, the benefits favor antibiotic prophylaxis. Creative approaches to shorten the duration of prophylaxis and thereby minimize resistance should be explored., (© 2014 American Cancer Society.)
- Published
- 2014
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