The water scavenger beetle Ephydrolithus Girón and Short, 2019 contains five species, all occurring in the southeastern region of Brazil. In this paper, 5 new species are described from the Brazilian Shield, bringing the number of species in the genus to 10: Ephydrolithus bentoi sp. nov., Ephydrolithus cipo sp. nov., Ephydrolithus mucugensis sp. nov., Ephydrolithus serro sp. nov., and Ephydrolithus vivas sp. nov. New geographical records in the Brazilian Shield are provided for Ephydrolithus hamadae Girón and Short, 2019, Ephydrolithus spiculatus Girón and Short, 2019, and Ephydrolithus teli Girón and Short, 2019. Corroborating the previously described habitat for the genus, all new species are associated with hygropetric zones such as wet rocks, waterfalls, and seepages. An updated key to identify adults of Ephydrolithus is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]