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Introduction: International medical graduates (IMGs) seeking licensure in Canada have been recruited to practise in medically underserviced areas, but retention of these physicians remains a concern. This study explored retention of IMG family physicians in Manitoba and its predictors. Methods: We used data from the University of Manitoba, provincial registries and Manitoba Health. Inclusion criteria were IMGs who completed University of Manitoba IMG training or assessment programs, and their return-of-service. Practice location, certification and licensure status were examined. We used logistic regression to consider the effects of a mentorship program, Manitoba residency at application, IMG program and years since program graduation on retention. Results: A total of 197 IMGs met the inclusion criteria. Most IMGs (63.5%) remained in Manitoba, and 59.2% of this group practised outside of Winnipeg. Of those remaining in Manitoba, most (69.6%) held full provincial licensure and national certification. The regression model -was significant (χ²4 = 13.94, p = 0.007), explaining 10% of the variance in retention. Two predictors were significant: years since program graduation and Manitoba residency at the time of application. Conclusion: Long-term retention of IMG physicians remains a concern. Potential interventions likely to increase retention, such as Manitoba residency at application and a focus on mentorship programs, should be further explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]