5 results
Search Results
2. Krešimir Krnjević (1927-2021) and GABAergic inhibition: a lifetime dedication.
- Author
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Ben-Ari Y, Cherubini E, and Avoli M
- Subjects
- Canada, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, Humans, Male, Periodicals as Topic, Societies, Scientific organization & administration, Neurosciences history, Neurotransmitter Agents, Pharmacology history, Physiology history, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid physiology
- Abstract
After over seven decades of neuroscience research, it is now well established that γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. In this paper dedicated to Krešimir Krnjević (1927-2021), a pioneer and leader in neuroscience, we briefly highlight the fundamental contributions he made in identifying GABA as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain and our personal interactions with him. Of note, between 1972 and 1978 Dr. Krnjević was a highly reputed Chief Editor of the Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology .
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a novel risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
- Author
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Sin DD and Man SF
- Subjects
- Bronchodilator Agents administration & dosage, Bronchodilator Agents adverse effects, Bronchodilator Agents therapeutic use, Canada epidemiology, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Humans, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive drug therapy, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive epidemiology, Risk Factors, Cardiovascular Diseases etiology, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive complications
- Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Canada and elsewhere. It affects 5% of all adult Canadians and is the fourth leading cause of death. Interestingly, the leading causes of hospitalizations and mortality among COPD patients are cardiovascular events. In the Lung Health Study, over 5 800 patients with mild to moderate COPD were studied. Forty-two to 48% of all hospitalizations that occurred over the study's 5-year follow-up period were related to cardiovascular complications. Various population-based studies suggest that independent of smoking, age, and gender, COPD increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality twofold. Alarmingly, some bronchodilators, which are commonly used to treat symptoms in COPD, may increase the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and even mortality among COPD patients. In this paper, we discuss the epidemiologic evidence linking COPD and cardiovascular events as well as the potential mechanism(s) which may be responsible for this association.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Spinal excitation and inhibition decrease as humans age.
- Author
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Kido A, Tanaka N, and Stein RB
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Canada, Electric Stimulation instrumentation, Electric Stimulation methods, Electromyography instrumentation, Electromyography methods, Humans, Japan, Middle Aged, Motor Neurons physiology, Movement physiology, Muscle, Skeletal innervation, Muscle, Skeletal physiology, Postural Balance physiology, Tibial Nerve physiology, Walking physiology, Aging physiology, H-Reflex physiology
- Abstract
Although changes in the soleus H-reflex (an electrical analog of the tendon jerk) with age have been examined in a number of studies, some controversy remains. Also, the effect of age on inhibitory reflexes has received little attention. The purpose of this paper was to examine some excitatory and inhibitory reflexes systematically in healthy human subjects having a wide range of ages. We confirmed that both the maximum H-reflex (Hmax) and the maximum M-wave (Mmax) (from direct stimulation of motor axons) decrease gradually with age. The decrease in Hmax was larger so the Hmax/Mmax ratio decreased dramatically with age. Interestingly, the modulation of the H-reflex during walking was essentially the same at all ages, suggesting that the pathways that modulate the H-reflex amplitude during walking are relatively well preserved during the aging process. We showed for the first time that the short-latency, reciprocal inhibitory pathways from the common peroneal nerve to soleus muscle and from the tibial nerve to the tibialis anterior muscle also decreased with age, when measured as a depression of ongoing voluntary activity. These results suggest that there may be a general decrease in excitability of spinal pathways with age. Thus, the use of age-matched controls is particularly important in assessing abnormalities resulting from disorders that occur primarily in the elderly.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Management of toxic substances and hazardous wastes.
- Author
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Niemela VE
- Subjects
- Biodegradation, Environmental, Canada, Chemical Phenomena, Chemistry, Hot Temperature, Polychlorinated Biphenyls analysis, Refuse Disposal, Waste Disposal, Fluid, Industrial Waste
- Abstract
This paper describes the extent of the hazardous and toxic chemical waste problems in Canada and discusses the management, treatment, and disposal methods commonly used in North America and Europe. The treatment and disposal techniques covered are biological, physical-chemical, incineration technologies, and secure land disposal. Some of the available and emerging technologies for destruction of polychlorinated biphenyls are also described.
- Published
- 1984
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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