1. Cometary evolution and cryovolcanism
- Author
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Belton, Michael J.S.
- Subjects
Geophysics -- Research ,Volcanism -- Research ,Physics - Abstract
Recent space observations of cometary nuclei show evidence of internal (cryovolcanic) activity while retaining aspects of their primitive origins. Using discoveries made during the two most recent cometary encounters: EPOXI at 103P/Hartley 2 and Stardust-NExT at 9P/Tempel 1, we test a hypothesis for their physical evolution, which, if true, could provide a unified basis for understanding the relative ages of their surfaces and the causes of a wide range of cometary activity. We show: (i) that the categorization of 103P/Hartley 2 as hyperactive is not a reflection of the extent of activity over the surface of the nucleus for which we find a normal [H.sub.2]O production rate; (ii) that the heterogeneous spatial distribution of C[O.sub.2] and [H.sub.2]O in the inner comae of 9P/Tempel 1 and 103P/Hartley 2 is best explained by processes associated with cometary activity rather than the presence of primitive compositional heterogeneities in the nucleus; and (iii) that most of the quasi-circular depressions seen on the surface of 9P/Tempel are the result of outburst activity. The apparent absence of circular depressions and large scale layering on 103P/Hartley 2 present a challenge to the evolutionary hypothesis although the small size of its nucleus may ultimately provide an explanation. PACS Nos.: 96.25.Bd, 96.30.Cw Resume: Les observations recentes de coeurs de cometes mettent en Evidence une activity interne de cryovolcanisme, tout en retenant les aspects de leur origine. Tablant sur les decouvertes faites lors des deux dernieres rencontres de cometes: EPOXI avec 103P/Hartley 2 et Stardust-NExT avec 9P/Tempel 1, nous verifions une hypothese sur revolution physique de ces cometes qui, si elle se verifie, pourrait fournir une base uniforme pour comprendre Page relatif de leurs surfaces et les causes d'un large domaine d'activites cometaires. Nous insistons sur les points suivants : (i) que la classification de 103P/Hartley 2 comme hyperactive n'est pas une reflexion de l'etendue de l'activite a la surface du noyau, caracterisee par une production normale de [H.sub.2]O; (ii) que la distribution spatiale heterogene de C[O.sub.2] et de [H.sub.2]O, observee dans le coma interne de 9P/Tempel 1 et de 103P/Hartley 2, est mieux expliquee par des mecanismes associes & l'activite cometaire plutot qu'a la presence d'une composition heterogene primitive dans le noyau; et (iii) que la plus grande partie des depressions quasi-circulaires vues a la surface de 9P/Tempel 1 resulte d'expulsions violentes. L'absence apparente de depressions circulaires et la stratification a large echelle sur 103P/Hartley 2 presentent un defi a l'hypothese evolutive, merie si la petitesse de son noyau pourra eventuellement fournir une explication., Don Hunten and comets To my knowledge, Don Hunten authored only a few papers concerning comets [1-3] and they were really more about the atmosphere of Jupiter than about the [...]
- Published
- 2012
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