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Background: Ancestral Black Nova Scotian (ABNS) nurses are a culturally distinct group yet, little is known about their experiences. Available literature suggests that ABNS nurses are underrepresented in nursing and that they encounter discrimination throughout the health system. Understanding the experiences of ABNS nurses facilitates addressing antiBlack racism in nursing and healthcare., Purpose: This study sought to critically examine the leadership experiences of ABNS nurses in healthcare., Methods: This qualitative study was guided by Black feminist theory and involved one-on-one semi-structured telephone interviews with eighteen ABNS nurses. Critical Discourse Analysis was applied in the reading of interview transcripts to examine words used by participants in relation to nursing and healthcare. The findings are presented in two conceptual themes., Results: Black Tax in Nursing captures the added physical, mental, and spiritual strain experienced by ABNS nurses navigating nursing and healthcare. Black Tax encompassed everyday microaggressions and systemic processes, including intra-profession tensions. Integrating into nursing was made increasingly difficult by a reinforcing network of gatekeepers, policies, and structural design. Nova Scotia Healthcare as an Archaic Institution depicts an antiquated "broken" paternalistic system that did not empower patients nor promote health. Additionally, nursing education was accused of reinforcing negative stereotypes, competency gaps, and mistrust with patients., Conclusions: Institution of Care show how ABNS nurses challenge institutional standards and norms in their approach to nursing. ABNS nurses navigate nursing and the health system by maintaining a community-oriented approach to health. Addressing anti-Black racism in nursing and healthcare requires attention to multi-level processes within institutions.

Background: Women are the fastest growing population in Canadian prisons. Incarceration can limit access to essential health services, increase health risks and disrupt treatment and supports. Despite legal requirements to provide care at professionally accepted standards, evidence suggests imprisonment undermines sexual and reproductive health. This scoping review asks, "What is known about the sexual and reproductive health of people incarcerated in prisons for women in Canada?", Methods: We use the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for systematic scoping reviews. Databases searched include MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Gender Studies Abstracts, Google Scholar and Proquest Dissertations and grey literature. The search yielded 1424 titles and abstracts of which 15 met the criteria for inclusion., Results: Conducted from 1994-2020, in provincial facilities in Ontario, British Columbia, Alberta and Quebec as well as federal prisons, the 15 studies included qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods. The most common outcomes of interest were related to HIV. Other outcomes studied included Papanicolaou (Pap) and sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing, contraception, pregnancy, birth/neonatal outcomes, and sexual assault., Conclusion: Incarceration results in lack of access to basic services including contraception and prenatal care. Legal obligations to provide sexual and reproductive health services at professionally acceptable standards appear unmet. Incarceration impedes rights of incarcerated people to sexual and reproductive health.

The authors analyze the association between intensity of nursing care (as measured by nursing hours per patient day), hospital bed days, and patient outcomes in acute-care hospitals in the province of Ontario, Canada, to determine whether higher levels of nursing inputs are associated with shorter lengths of stay (LOS) and, if so, whether these shorter LOS are achieved at the expense of health outcomes. After controlling for supply of nurses, workload, community characteristics, and hospital type, the authors found that nursing hours per patient day had a significant negative effect on LOS but had no significant effect on patient satisfaction, hospital mortality, or readmission rates. Further, there was no evidence that shorter than expected LOS were associated with poorer patient health. Such information is relevant for efforts to deploy efficient mixes of health-care resources and to identify future human resource requirements to support the efficient provision of health human resources.

Health Human Resource Planning (HHRP) models approximate future nursing requirements based on a variety of factors specific to the model being employed. There is an urgent need to develop a better understanding of the sources of bias in statistical modelling in order to ensure that we are guided by accurate and robust formulae. This paper addresses these issues as they apply in the context of needs-based HHRP research for nursing by presenting a review and discussion of the relevant literature as it relates to: (1) the testing of assumptions, (2) avoiding ecological and atomistic fallacies, (3) how need is directly or indirectly related to health care, and (4) alternatives to aggregate analysis for assessing the relationship between health needs and utilization of nursing services. The paper concludes that multilevel modelling is useful for the simulation analysis of individuals and their ecologies, and that small area variation modelling holds promise for assessing the relationship between health needs and utilization of nursing services.