1. Soil water content and emergence time control seedling establishment in three co-occurring Mediterranean oak species
- Author
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Urbieta, Itziar R., Perez-Ramos, Ignacio M., Zavala, Miguel A., Maranon, Teodoro, and Kobe, Richard K.
- Subjects
Soil moisture -- Influence ,Forest dynamics -- Evaluation ,Plants -- Development ,Seedlings -- Properties ,Earth sciences ,Influence ,Observations ,Evaluation ,Properties - Abstract
Tree species can differ in their responses to resource availability during the critical phase of establishment, which could influence forest dynamics. In Mediterranean forests, most of the attention has focused on the effects of shade and summer drought on seedling survival, but little is known about the effect of autumn to spring rains on earlier stages of recruitment. A sowing experiment was set up along natural light and water gradients with three co-occurring oak species (Quercus suber L. (cork oak), Quercus canariensis Willd. (Algerian oak), and Quercus pyrenaica Willd. (Pyrenean oak)) that show limited natural regeneration in southern Spain. Recruitment stages were monitored for 1 year. Models of seed germination, seedling emergence, and seedling survival as well as of overall recruitment patterns were developed as functions of light, soil moisture, and soil compaction. The influence of intraspecific variation in seed mass and emergence time were also tested. Excess soil water levels during the winter reduced germination and emergence and lengthened time to emergence (in waterlogged open areas), which in turn decreased seedling survival during the dry season. Seedlings from larger seeds were more likely to germinate and emerge. The results suggest that temporal and spatial variability of soil water content, mediated by emergence time and seed size, play a crucial role in the regeneration dynamics of Mediterranean oak forests. Les especes d'arbre peuvent avoir des reactions differentes face a la disponibilite des ressources pendant la phase critique d'etablissement, ce qui peut influencer la dynamique forestiere. Dans les forets mediterraneennes, on s'est surtout preoccupe des effets du manque de lumiere et de la secheresse estivale sur la survie des semis, mais les effets de la pluie qui tombe de l'automne au printemps sur les premiers stades de recrutement sont peu connus. Une experience d'ensemencement a ete etablie le long de gradients naturels de disponibilite de lumiere et d'eau avec trois especes de chene sympatriques (Quercus suber L., Quercus canariensis Willd. et Quercus pyrenaica Willd.) dont la regeneration naturelle est peu abondante dans le sud de l'Espagne. Les stades de recrutement ont ete suivis pendant une annee. Des modeles de germination, d'emergence et de survie de meme que des patrons generaux de recrutement ont ete etablis en fonction de la lumiere, de l'humidite du sol et de la compaction du sol. L'influence de la variation intraspecifique du poids des semences et de l'emergence des semis a aussi ete testee. Un exces d'eau du sol pendant l'hiver a diminue la germination et l'emergence et allonge la periode de temps necessaire a l'emergence (dans les endroits ouverts et satures en eau), ce qui a diminue le taux de survie des semis pendant la saison seche. Les semis issus de grosses semences avaient plus de chances de germer et d'emerger. Ces resultats indiquent que la variabilite temporelle et spatiale de la teneur en eau du sol, par l'intermediaire de la periode d'emergence et de la taille des semences, joue un role important dans la dynamique de regeneration des forets mediterraneennes de chene. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Resource competition and stress tolerance are important drivers of plant community structure and dynamics (Grime 1979; Tilman 1982). Plant species can differ in their responses to both resource abundance [...]
- Published
- 2008