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Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Are long term contracts equivalent to a series of shorter-term contracts except for the informational sets available? This paper argues that the wage equations in many macroeconomic models with labour contracts imply a positive answer to the above question. An empirical examination of Canadian contract wage data rejects the above hypothesis. The paper argues that real economic conditions at the time contracts are signed have a greater impact on wage settlements than do conditions that are expected to exist in the future. This alternative hypothesis is generally supposed by the data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper analyses two simple wage rules that keep employment constant when there are shocks to the prices of imported materials. One rule ties nominal wages to the GNP deflator rather than the consumer price index. The second rule, followed by Japan after the second oil price shock, ties the real wage to real GNP. The paper shows the effects on output, real income, and other macro-economic variables of choosing either rule in place of the real-wage stability provided by conventional wage indexation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper tests for the existence of long-run purchasing power parity (PPP) in the bilateral exchange rates of the United States, Canada, Japan, and several European countries. We do this by taking wage and price data for each of these countries and decomposing these data into a low-frequency trend (or long-run) component and a high-frequency noise component. The trends are then used in distributed lag regressions to test for PPP. We show that so long as U.S. data are used, PPP cannot be rejected. Using data from countries other than the United States leads to mixed results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: This paper investigates the factors influencing the allocation of time between public and private sectors by medical specialists. A discrete choice structural labour supply model is estimated, where specialists choose from a set of job packages that are characterized by the number of working hours in the public and private sectors. The results show that medical specialists respond to changes in earnings by reallocating working hours to the sector with relatively increased earnings, while leaving total working hours unchanged. The magnitudes of the own‐sector and cross‐sector hours elasticities fall in the range of 0.16–0.51. The labour supply response varies by gender, doctor’s age and medical specialty. Family circumstances such as the presence of young dependent children reduce the hours worked by female specialists but not male specialists. Résumé: Public, privé ou les deux? Analyse des facteurs influençant l’offre de travail des médecins spécialistes. Ce mémoire étudie les facteurs influençant l’allocation du temps des médecins spécialistes entre le secteur privé et le secteur public. Un modèle structurel de choix discret d’offre de travail est calibré ans lequel les spécialistes choisissent entre des arrangements caractérisés par le nombre d’heures de travail dans le secteur public et le secteur privé. Les résultats montrent que les spécialistes répondent aux changements dans la nature des gains en réaménageant leurs heures de travail vers le secteur qui offre des gains relativement plus élevés, tout en gardant leurs heures totales de travail inchangées. Les magnitudes des élasticités de l’offre des heures à l’intérieur d’un secteur et entre secteurs se situent dans un intervalle entre 0.16‐0.51. La réponse de l’offre de travail varie selon le genre, l’âge et la spécialité. Le cadre familial, comme la présence de jeunes enfants à charge, tend à réduire les heures travaillées par les femmes mais pas pour les hommes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hollander and Garegnami have debated the appropriate interpretation of Ricardo since 1973, without substantive agreement. On at least one issue - the interdependence of prices and output levels - the debate has stalled because textual exegesis cannot solve a logical problem. This paper demonstrates thai such interdependence exists unless one makes one of two restrictive (and un-Ricardian) assumptions: either output levels must be insensitive to wage rate changes, or ail industries must be subject to constant costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines some positive aspects of a two-sector model of a hypothetical LDC, in which the state exercises control over the relative prices of agricultural and industrial goods, and workers behave according to the generalized efficiency wage hypothesis. It is shown that, contrary to conventional wisdom, a pro-peasant pricing policy does not necessarily lead to a decline in the state's accumulation of industrial goods; empirical evidence from China suggests that a pro-peasant pricing policy has actually been conducive to the increase of such a type of accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This papers applies Ozol's surrogate wage function to Canadian input-output data to analyse the general properties of technological change during the 1961-80 period. Technological change manifests itself in the shifts of the estimated surrogate wage curves which indicate the changing capital and labour intensities of the production system. The empirical results of this study imply that technological progress in Canada is generally labour saving over the entire 1961-80 period and capital saving over the 1961-6 period. The actual tendencies of the technological evolution investigated appear to be explained by the continuous mechanization of the production process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract. This paper analyses the difference between part-time and full-time wages in Canada using the 1981 Survey of Work History. Since part-time and full-time workers are distinguished by hours worked and since hours worked and wages are interdependent, selectivity bias occurs if ordinary least squares regression is used. A modification of Heckman's procedure, to account for the fact that part-time hours are doubly truncated, is used to correct this problem. The results indicate that, adjusting for differences in characteristics, the wage differential between part-time and full-time workers is 10 per cent, or one-third the unadjusted differential. Results vary somewhat by sex and marital status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluates the optimality of fixed and flexible rates under rational expectations and wage and prices stickiness. The optimality of fixed or flexible rates depends crucially on how efficient and accurate contemporaneous information on exchange rate or money supply can be dissipated to firms and households. If current money supply or exchange rate is perfectly observable, the two exchange rate regimes are identical in spite of wage and prices stickiness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper develops an analytical framework which is capable of explaining how tariff protection of secondary industries in a resource-rich small open economy such as Canada's can simultaneously raise real wages and encourage foreign investment in both protected and unprotected industries. In addition, we rationalize the general unwillingness of the citizens of such an economy to move towards free trade by demonstrating that protection may be a vehicle for raising the sustainable lifetime real income of the representative citizen. Despite the usual deadweight loss associated with the tariff, protection may still be rationally chosen in a democratic society with individualistic preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract. This paper develops a model to explain new wage settlements in Canadian manufacturing and employs the model to assess the direct effect of controls. The estimates indicate that the average effect over three years of controls is that wage settlements were four and one-half percentage points lower than the rate which would have occurred without controls. The estimated effectiveness coefficient indicates that the reduction due to controls was approximately 0.78 of the gap between AIB guideline and the rate of wage change which would have occurred without controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unions in a general equilibrium model. This paper attempts to determine a union's equilibrium wage-employment tradeoff, i.e. the percentage change in the union wage which, will occur if the union restricts employment in the unionized industry by 1 per cent, taking into account the induced responses of producers and consumers. The paper also determines the changes in the real income of the various consumer groups in the model induced by the union distortion. Duality theory is used in order to derive 'painlessly' the union's employment-wage tradeoff as a function of the various elasticities of substitution and distributive shares, both in production and consumption. An illustrative numerical example based on Canadian data is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We study the relationship between the level of compensation and time use for US state legislators. Using survey data on time use, we show that higher salary is robustly associated with legislators spending more time on fundraising. In contrast, higher salary is also robustly associated with less time spent on legislative activities and has no clear relation to time spent on constituent services. The fundraising results are particularly strong for legislators who do not intend to run for higher office. Our results are consistent with an interpretation that higher salary raises the value of office, and politicians respond with more fundraising because increased fundraising raises the chance of getting re‐elected more than does increased legislative activity. Back‐of‐the‐envelope calculations suggest that a $30,000 increase in salary is associated with politicians annually devoting 13 more hours to fundraising and 18 fewer hours to legislative activity. Résumé.: Un temps pour faire les lois et un autre pour lever des fonds? Étude du rapport entre le salaire et l'emploi du temps des législateurs d'état. Dans cet article, nous examinons le lien entre le niveau de rémunération et l'emploi du temps des législateurs d'état aux États‐Unis. En nous appuyant sur plusieurs données d'enquêtes relatives à la gestion du temps, nous montrons que plus leur salaire est élevé, plus les législateurs ont tendance à consacrer du temps à lever des fonds, le temps dévolu aux activités législatives ayant, quant à lui, tendance à diminuer sans lien évident avec le temps passé en circonscription au service des citoyens. Les résultats relatifs aux levées de fonds sont particulièrement forts dès lors que les législateurs ne briguent pas de plus hautes fonctions, et sont conformes à l'interprétation selon laquelle un salaire élevé accroît l'intérêt pour une fonction. Et puisque l'augmentation des activités de financement ne se traduit pas par davantage d'activités législatives, mais par des chances de réélection accrues, les politiciens multiplient les levées de fonds. Des calculs rapides et approximatifs suggèrent qu'une hausse du salaire des politiciens de 30 000 $ par an représenterait 13 heures de collecte de fonds en plus, mais 18 heures d'activités législatives en moins annuellement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)