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Focuses on the patronage practices of Edmund Bristol, Centre Toronto Member of Parliament in Ontario from 1905 to 1926. Variety of practical political concerns; Use of personal connections among Toronto's business and political elite and city's working classes; Deeper understanding of political patronage; Successful effort in maintaining a seat in the House of Commons.

Demonstrates that the unwed mother is a historically specific and mutable classification that was an integral element of shifts within liberal governance in Toronto, Ontario. Shift from the nineteenth-century laws and practice to the early world of religious maternity homes; Rise of social work at the Infants' Home after the First World War.

This article draws on recent studies of masculinity, labour and recreation to consider rural men. More Canadian men worked in farming than any other single occupation and yet we know little about their sense of masculine identity. This article examines the processes of fashioning, practising and performing masculinity associated with the archetypal farming skill passed down from father to son - plowing. In the early 1800s improving farmers created the plowing match, an educational and sporting event. The author analyzes media representations of the match, reporters' rhetoric, visual images and interviews with plowmen and spectators. She argues that their depictions and discussions of plowing at home and at the match shed light on their masculine ideals, ideals that were challenged with the introduction of the tractor. Rural men continued to value a rugged individualism and mastery over nature, but the value of being a skilled horseman, stoic toiler, and muscled man gave way to new masculine ideals based on speed, comfort, and expertise with machines. In the process farmers helped reposition the countryside in the shifting cultural hierarchy and moved in parallel with other Canadian men who were refashioning concepts of manliness, skill, fatherhood and recreation in the new industrial age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'From There to Here' traces a life in which family, politics, and the disciplines of history and women's studies created a feminist scholar. Gender, class, and race, with all their privileges and disabilities, always left their mark. Inspiration came with shared communities and hopes for a better world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Historical Review is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Historical Review is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Spadina Expressway controversy in Toronto, Ontario, was sparked by a proposal to run an expressway into the heart of the city. The dispute was part of a broader movement against high modernist planning that swept American and Canadian cities in the 1960s and 1970s. Frustrated by unresponsive politicians and civic officials, citizen activists challenged authorities with an alternate vision for cities that prioritized the safeguarding of the urban environment by preserving communities, preventing environmental degradation, and promoting public transit. By the latter half of the 1960s, citizen activists were no longer fighting alone, as some politicians and civil servants also turned against more traditional modes of city planning. This politicization of urban planning and transportation schemes culminated in the defeat of expressway networks in cities across Canada and the United States, including the Spadina Expressway in 1971. A landmark decision and important precursor to the municipal reform movement that would follow, the legacy of the Spadina episode was nevertheless mixed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immigration to and through central Canada increased substantially in the middle decades of the nineteenth century. In response to some of the problems associated with this mass migration, and in an effort to stimulate more of the 'right' kind of settlement, state-funded immigration agencies were established at all major ports and urban reception centres across the region during this period. To date, most of the literature on this subject has focused upon the state's management of migrants in Lower Canada (at Montreal, Quebec, and Grosse-Île) and upon the response of government officials to the period's major epidemics (cholera and typhus). This article uses Toronto as a case study to trace the evolution of the state's interaction with migrants from a different starting point. It emphasizes the importance of the 1820-80 period - a period in which major state initiatives were put in place to regulate the flow of immigration more effectively. It underlines the fact that the state consisted of multiple, frequently competing layers of authority and power during the period of transition from colonies to nation. Finally, the study of Toronto highlights that the intersections of different state levels (municipal, provincial, imperial, federal) did not constitute an especially monolithic state regulatory response during this period, but rather more of a labyrinth whose changing features could radically affect the individual experiences of migrants during these years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Historical Review is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Historical Review is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The popularity of heritage follows from the sense of authenticity it conveys. That authenticity, the facts and truths selected from the past and presented as confirmation, comes from history. Authenticity is often held to be a property of the observed object, but it is argued that authenticity is a socially constructed concept and that its connotation is therefore negotiated. Two major corollaries of this shared authority can impinge on the authenticity of heritage. First comes the danger of commercialization. The second corollary is heritage dissonance. For example, although Sainte-Marie is celebrated, at least in its own pamphlets, as the cradle of Ontario's history and "an authentic, detailed reconstruction of Ontario's first European community,'' memories of the mission are in many ways external to the provincial mainstream. Sainte-Marie is, really, Jesuit and Wendat heritage that has been appropriated to serve the civic memories of Ontario.

Explores the early years of the Toronto Elizabeth Fry Society (EFT) as a means of examining broader questions about female penal reformers' relationship to the law and state. Responses of EFT to key issues during the 1950s and 1960s; Analysis of women's criminality; Efforts to obtain legal and social reform; Role in a public inquiry into the Mercer Reformatory for women.

Focuses on the complexities of racial relations in public places and taverns in Brantford, Ontario. Prejudices against Indians and black people; Details on interracial associations; Characteristics of a tavern.

Examines the social origins of human rights campaigns in Ontario from Second World War to the early 1950. Organizations supporting the human rights activists' struggles; Importance of the intervention of minority groups; Impact of human rights activists on ideas about the nature of Canadian society.

Discusses the emergence of communal `backwoods utopias' or `moral economies' in the newly settled areas of the old Northwest during the early nineteenth century. Economic organization of the Children of Peace, a Quaker sect that settled north of Toronto, Ontario; Use of the idiom of charity to meet the needs of those impoverished by the capitalist transition then occurring.

Examines the various forces that converged in the making of suburban `bad' girls in post-1945 suburban Toronto, Ontario. Imprecise and prejudicial nature of the process of identifying and treating delinquent girls; Interrelationship between caseworkers' professionalism and middle-class moralism; Role of gossip and hearsay evidence in delinquency cases that involved minor-age girls.

Explores the formation of the middle-class society in Ontario in the nineteenth-century based on manuscript censuses of 1861 and 1871. Patterns of structured rural inequality in the provinces; Geographic distribution of farm sizes; Patterns of farm acquisition and improvement; Very active land market as evidenced by local newspaper advertisements.

The transitions to capitalism and responsible government are two revolutions without a revolutionary moment in Ontario's history. This article examines the contribution of the corporation to both in the years before the Rebellion of 1837. It contrasts the ‘gentlemanly capitalism’ of chartered corporations under the oligarchic control of the Family Compact with a series of unincorporated joint stock companies managed by reformers, and by a small religious group, the Children of Peace, in particular. Tracing the overlapping boards of management of these joint stock companies with reform political organizations reveals the economic impetus for the emergence of a culture of deliberative democracy. These joint stock companies were developed to help preserve the freehold property of farmers, and hence their political voice. The irony of the capitalist and democratic revolutions in Ontario was their co-operative joint stock nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the 'bee' concept of neighborhood in rural society in Ontario. Code of behavior developed in communal labor; Importance of hospitality in labor exchange; Reasons for the decline of the need for 'bee' concept.