Search

The founding of Halifax in 1749 was a watershed in British imperial policy. The settlement was state-funded and served political, not commercial, aims. Mapping—the creation and representation of geographic knowledge—was essential to Halifax's success because it shaped Britain's relationship to the land and subsequently influenced how Britons in the settlement interacted with each other and with resistant groups. Cartographic knowledge was never static, but instead was affected by cultural, political, and economic realities that directed the work of local commissioned surveyors like Charles Morris, and metropolitan public mapmakers like Thomas Jefferys. From 1744 to 1755, geographic imaginings of Halifax changed to address specific imperial goals: first, reconnaissance maps and surveys delimited boundaries and provided data; second, early settlement geographic knowledge established Britain's claim to the Halifax region by controlling the Native presence and emphasizing British strength; and third, 'popular' cartography rallied support for the empire by promoting attractive imperial images among Britons. Geographic knowledge produced from the Halifax settlement indicates that spatial information was Janus-faced: maps and reports negotiated a fine line between value-free geographic information and imperially favourable geographic imaginations. In each case mapping and its cartographic evidence were key independent variables in the socio-political organization of power that situated early modern Canada in a British Atlantic world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Historical Review is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Historical Review is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Reports on developments related to public archives in Canada as of June 1986. Expansion of the Yukon Archives; Acquisitions made by the City of Vancouver Archives in British Columbia; Collections received by the Provincial Archives of Alberta.

A bibliography on the subject of Canadian history is presented which includes the books "The Power of Place, the Problem of Time: Aboriginal Identity and Historical Consciousness in the Cauldron of Colonialism," by Keith Thor Carlson, and "No Need of a Chief for This Band: Maritime Mi'kmaq and Federal Election Legislation, 1899-1951," by Martha Walls, as well as the article "'The Workings of My Own Mind': The Private Correspondence of the Governor General of Canada, 1839-1866," by Ged Martin, which appeared in the 2009 issue of "British Journal of Canadian Studies" vol. 22, no. 1.

This paper traces the development of Canadian extradition law from the formation of a pro-extradition consensus in the 1860s to the passage of a new Canadian statute in 1877, to that act's final ratification by Britain in 1883. This process of law reform illustrates Britain's continuing legal power in Canada. Throughout the 1870s and 1880s imperial authorities suppressed, delayed, and rewrote dominion extradition law, bringing it back into line with Britain's shifting policy. But the legal ideas that Britain exported to the colonies in this period were not particularly British at all. Rather, what arrived in Canada in the 1870s was an emerging branch of international law heavily influenced by Europe – one that balanced extensive international co-operation against crime with individual civil liberties protections and safeguards for political asylum-seekers. Its origins were in post-revolutionary France, and as it spread to Britain and then the colonies it frustrated Canadian attempts to design a new extradition policy. As a result, this article illustrates the interplay between international law and imperial power in nineteenth-century Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the four years of its existence, the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission ( [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Historical Review is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Historical Review is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Deportation was used to remove political radicals from Canada during the early 1930s, as well as immigrants receiving poverty or unemployment relief. Studies of deportation in North America are limited and have rarely focused on ideas of ‘the nation’ as a primary focus of debates over deportation; and they have seldom dwelt upon the local efforts of those resisting deportation. Arguably the most influential works in this area are Barbara Roberts's Whence They Came: Deportation in Canada 1900–1935 and Anthony Rasporich's ‘Tomo Čačić: Rebel without a Country.’ This paper builds on the work of both authors by explaining not only the mechanisms, but also the ideological moorings, of Depression-era deportation policies, through the revealing case study of Tomo Čačić, a transnational radical who thought globally and acted locally. The power to deport provided the state with a powerful nation-shaping tool. Deportation of political radicals served a dual purpose: it both isolated and removed those identified as political enemies of the political order and, conversely, demonstrated by implication the qualities of those who were qualified to figure as citizens within the emerging Canadian nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canadian citizenship is a young official category of belonging, and the relationship of Aboriginal people to that category remains contested ground: scholars debate the legal status of First Nations people within the Canadian state while other academics and First Nations leaders note that these nations never ceded their sovereignty to a foreign colonial state. While such debates have deep historic roots, more recent post-1945 government policies and programs reveal the extent to which Aboriginal peoples continued to be seen as outsiders who need to be assimilated to the ‘mainstream.’ As a historical contribution to these ongoing debates, this paper explores efforts to create a distinct and common Canadian citizenship in the years after the Second World War when, as a follow-up to the passage of the 1947 Canadian Citizenship Act, the federal government strategically chose to combine its management of immigrant admissions, reception, and citizenship with its Indian Affairs policies under the rubric of one new federal ministry, the Department of Citizenship and Immigration (DCI). From 1950 until 1966, the Indian Affairs branch was located in the DCI, where its activities were heavily modelled after the citizenship campaigns being developed for immigrants within the DCI's Canadian Citizenship Branch. This paper reveals the ways in which ministry officials and their network of public and private groups and agencies aimed to create a one-size-fits-all category of societal Canadian citizenship. To do so they deliberately constructed Aboriginal peoples as ‘immigrants too’ and targeted both ‘Canada's original inhabitants’ and newly arrived European refugees and immigrants with similar ‘Canadianization’ programs. The analysis of the programs targeting both groups highlights the similarities (for example, both Natives and newcomers were constructed as outsiders who needed to adopt dominant middle-class Canadian social and moral codes and pro-capitalist values) and the differences (for example, the immigrant campaigns were more tolerant of cultural differences than the Aboriginal campaigns that, despite their seemingly progressive rhetoric, effectively continued earlier assimilationist policies) as well as their gendered and class features. In offering this comparative analysis between these twinned postwar campaigns, the paper brings together two histories, Aboriginal and immigrant, that have usually been studied in isolation from each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Historical Review is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents abstracts of the papers discussed in the March 2005 issue of the journal "The Canadian Historical Review." One of the papers is related to the visual appropriation of New France for the global British landscape. Until the arrival of topographic landscape artists with British forces in the 1750s, European representations of North American landscapes usually depended on artists' imaginations, with deliberately schematic and symbolic results. During the British invasion, occupation, and colonization of New France, artists appropriated the conquests visually with topographic renderings of the empire's new landscapes.

Copyright of Canadian Historical Review is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Historical Review is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Historical Review is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Historical Review is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

War is an inherently traumatizing experience, and during the First World War more than 15,000 Canadian soldiers were diagnosed with some form of war-related psychological wounds. Many more went unrecognized. Yet the very act of seeking an escape from the battlefield or applying for a postwar pension for psychological traumas transgressed masculine norms that required men to be aggressive, self-reliant, and un-emotional. Using newly available archival records, contemporary medical periodicals, doctors' notes, and patient interview transcripts, this paper examines two crises that arose from this conflict between idealized masculinity and the emotional reality of war trauma. The first came on the battlefield in 1916 when, in some cases, almost half the soldiers evacuated from the front were said to be suffering from emotional breakdowns. The second came later, during the Great Depression, when a significant number of veterans began to seek compensation for their psychological injuries. In both crises, doctors working in the service of the state constructed trauma as evidence of deviance, in order to parry a larger challenge to masculine ideals. In creating this link between war trauma and deviance, they reinforced a residual conception of welfare that used tests of morals and means to determine who was deserving or undeserving of state assistance. At a time when the Canadian welfare state was being transformed in response to the needs of veterans and their families, doctors' denial that ‘real men’ could legitimately exhibit psychosomatic symptoms in combat meant that thousands of legitimately traumatized veterans were left uncompensated by the state and were constructed as inferior, feminized men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Historical Review is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

After 1900, the Northwest fishing industry expanded substantially from southern Manitoba to the Northwest Territories, with production directed principally to American urban markets. In response to the economic crisis of the 1930s, new international trade regulations prohibited the importation of fish infected with the Triaenophorus parasite and included two of the most important commercial freshwater fish species: tullibee and lake whitefish. In the following decades, in spite of repeated state and scientific interventions in the fishery, Canada's freshwater fishing industry was unable to fully recover from the economic impacts of the new trade regulations. This failure reflected the unprecedented influence of the parasite and its ecological relationships to other species and the freshwaters in which it was found. This paper goes beyond a conventional narrative of the impacts of economic protectionism to ascertain how the natural context in which resources such as fish are found intervenes in human socio-economic affairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Calgary Stampede is one of Canada's most popular annual festivals. Its long history and its mission to preserve Western values might suggest that its principle character, the cowboy, would be relatively uncomplicated. Yet recent scholarship on popular culture and public celebrations, as well as that on gender and masculinity, encourages a re-examination of the cowboy at the Calgary Stampede. This article examines how the Calgary Stampede constituted cowboy masculinities during the first three decades of the twentieth century. Focusing on the era when the flamboyant Guy Weadick was the Stampede's manager (1912, 1923–32), it first explores how the idea that the West could recuperate masculinity was expressed through a definition of the cowboy that was, in Weadick's words, ‘open to all.’ As rodeo became a sport, a new normative cowboy emerged, as local men, both settler and Aboriginal, took centre stage, excluding women and performers. This paper argues that the Calgary Stampede helped foster the development of new rodeo masculinities for both settler and Aboriginal men, ones grounded in the respectability of sport, and in the economic, social, and political challenges of early-twentieth-century Western Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The federal government established the Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration ( [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article lists several publications relating to Canada which includes "The Lament for a First nation: The Williams Treaties of Southern Ontario," by Peggy J. Blair, "First Nations Cultural Heritage and Law: Case Studies, Voices and Perspectives," edited by Catherine Bell and Val Napoleon, and "Protection of First nations Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy, and Reform," edited by Robert K. Paterson and Catherine Bell.

Copyright of Canadian Historical Review is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article presents a list of recent publications related to different aspects of Canadian history. Some of the books in this list are "Our Box Was Full: An Ethnography for Delgamuukw Plaintiffs," by Richard Daly, "A Companion to American Indian History," edited by Philip J. Deloria and Neal Salisbury, and "Canada and the End of Empire," by Phillip Buckner. The list also include several articles published in different journals such as "The Search for the Canadian-American Boundary along the Michigan Frontier," by Francis M. Carroll, and "A Demographic and Social Profile of Quebec City's Irish Populations," by Robert J. Grace.

The article presents a list of recently published books related to Canada. This bibliography is intended to provide as complete coverage as possible of newly available material useful in the study of any aspect of Canadian history. Some of those books are: "Individual Property Rights on Canadian Indian Reserves: The Historical Emergence and Jurisprudence of Certificates of Possession," by Christopher Alcantara; "America Discovered: A Historical Atlas of North American Exploration," by Derek Hayes.

Lists publications relating to Canada, compiled as of June 2004. Aboriginal history; Discovery and exploration; British North America before 1867; Canada since 1867; Provincial history.

Examines the Rowell-Sirois Royal Commission on Dominion-Provincial Relations, the comprehensive study of Canadian federal government in crisis undertaken between 1937 and 1940. Scholarly interpretations of Rowell-Sirois and mid-20th-century Canadian federalism; Ways in which commissioners such as John W. Dafoe arrived at a fresh concept of federal government in Canada; Strengthening of the fiscal basis of the provinces.

Lists books relating to Canada published as of September 2003. 'A Fatherly Eye: Indian Agents, Government Power, and Aboriginal Resistance in Ontario, 1918-1939,' by Robin Brownie; 'Stone Country: An Unauthorized History of Canada,' by George Bowering; 'Richard Beasley: The Character of the Man and His Times,' by David Beasley; 'Lighthouses of Atlantic Canada,' by David Baird.

Focuses on the unofficial diplomacy and political isolation of United States-born Commercial Union advocate John Charlton and a member of parliament for North Norfolk, Ontario. Lobbying efforts in Washington to promote free trade relations; Contributions to Canada-United States economic relations.

Presents publications relating to Canada. 'Let Us Remember the Old Mi'kmaq,' edited by Tim Bernard and Catherine Martin; 'Silk, Spices and Glory: In Search of the Northwest Passage,' by Margaret MacPherson; 'Kings and Crises: Arbitrating the Canadian-American Boundary Dispute and the Belgian Crisis of 1830-1831,' by Francis M. Carroll.

A look at the changes brought about to Tsimshian social, economic, and political relationships by contact with Europeans is provided here. Unlike much contact literature which espouses a view of native societies as timeless and traditional, this research suggests that the Tsimshian were experiencing a state of flux. Through the examination of the building of the bridge to Rose Island, this paper show that for the Tsimshian, allegiances to a missionary or a particular form of Christianity became a means of expressing and resolving intergroup tensions, a supplement or alternative to warfare and potlatching. The author concludes that they responded to changing circumstances, absorbing and using non‐Native religious, economic, and social innovations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Argues that gender was central to the professionalization of history English Canada before 1960. Participation of women writers in the promotion of history; Requirements for individuals planning to become historians; Exclusion of women from the professorate by male professional historians to protect their domain of the field.

Focuses on the patronage practices of Edmund Bristol, Centre Toronto Member of Parliament in Ontario from 1905 to 1926. Variety of practical political concerns; Use of personal connections among Toronto's business and political elite and city's working classes; Deeper understanding of political patronage; Successful effort in maintaining a seat in the House of Commons.

It is argued that Saskatchewan Indian policy from 1944 to 1964 reflected the liberal values of equality, individualism and freedom. These values were the same as the values which were reflected in the Federal government's white paper on the "Statement of the Government of Canada on Indian Policy, 1969", which is said to have acquired near‐legendary status as a symbol of Canadian government insensitivity and ineptitude in the field of Indian policy. The liberal political philosophy underlying the white paper was not simply governmental, but was an idea which prevailed among the populace at the time. Saskatchewan policy in the area of the "Indian dilemma" is revealed to be reflective of the ideology and the proposed actions in dealing with the Aboriginal population. It was because the CCF relied on liberal principles of equality, which supported combating racial discrimination, that Indian policy ended up reflecting the Liberal federal programme's ideals. It is argued, however, that the CCF failed to realize that in order to fully bring about Aboriginal equal participation in society, they needed to recognize the national identity of the people and conduct relations on a nation to nation basis. This respect for autonomy in the pursuit of peaceful coexistence has become the new progressive orthodoxy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

James A. Teit (1864–1922) is known mainly for his anthropological work among the Aboriginal peoples of south‐central British Columbia. Few are aware that he was also involved in an early Native political movement. From 1908 until 1922 Teit assisted a large community of predominantly monolingual Native leaders to negotiate in the Euro‐Canadian political domain. Evidence of this collaboration exists In the documents—letters, petitions, declarations, and position papers—that survive from this period. These documents stand today not only as a record of Teit's—and his Native contemporaries'—political commitment but also as ethnographic texts worthy of study in their own right. Unlike the traditional ethnography of the period which focuses mainly on an idealized pre‐contact past, these documents draw attention to a highly charged political present. This article highlights the contents of the documents, as well as Teit's role in their production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provides information on a paper examining the reasons for the discrepancy in attitude, in particular setting the association fo Calgary's unemployed with the local Communist Party against the backdrop of the politics of unemployment relief provision. Information on unemployment demonstrations in Calgary, 1930-5; Detailed information on the reactions to the On-to-Ottawa trek.

Copyright of Canadian Historical Review is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Historical Review is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Historical Review is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Historical Review is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Historical Review is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In her memories of her 'life in history,' Wendy Mitchinson integrates her private life with that of her work in the academy. As a member of the first major cohort of historians researching Canadian women's history, she relates her years as a student at York University in the late 1960s and early 1970s, the rise of feminism, and the way in which her work on women and becoming a feminist altered people's view of her and her own self-image. It was an exciting period of history, and she acknowledges that life choices open to her had not existed for her mother's generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing up in Toronto, Phillip Buckner was a British-Canadian cultural hybrid but with a strong sense of Canadian nationalism that led to his interest in Canadian history. In high school and at the University of Toronto he absorbed a vision of Canadian history that was Ontario-centric and emphasized Canada's British roots but his experience as a graduate student in Britain and as a lecturer at the University of New Brunswick challenged his youthful assumptions. As the founding editor of Acadiensis he sought to promote a more inclusive vision of Canadian history and when he returned to the study of Canada's connection with the British Empire he sought to promote a more balanced understanding of Canada's place within a wider British World. What he did retain was the view that Canadian history matters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]