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The article offers news briefs related to economics in Canada. Tembec Inc. announced the closure of several lumber and paper mills in Quebec, while Louisiana-Pacific stopped operations indefinitely at its board mill and Norampac Inc. shut its linerboard mill in Ontario. Work began in a $1 billion expansion of power generation at Niagara Falls, Ontario.

The article focuses on the renewal of Canada’s manufacturing base from 1961-1999. This paper indicates that job turnover in manufacturing has a substantial long-term component. Moreover, it quantifies the size of this process decade by decade. Over a decade, almost 40% of jobs are renewed. Using a 20-year time frame, over 65% of the economy is renewed, over a 30 year period, renewal amounts to just over 75%; and by 40 years, just over 85% of jobs are new. The rates of renewal are closely related to growth.

The article presents a paper that informs the trend in the use of imported inputs (IIs) by industries in Canada. It notes that industries had reduced their use of IIs in the late 1990s due to IIs's slow performance. It likewise mentions some firms that increase their use of IIs in 2003, particularly in the manufacturing sector. Further, it informs that import use in the country rose in 2004 for the first time since 1998.

This paper examines whether cross-border shopping has taken flight with the loonie. It fi nds that measured by the number of trips to the US, the average spent per trip or even online purchases, the recent increase in crossborder shopping has been minimal, especially outside of Ontario. More notable is the drop in US visitors to Canada. Meanwhile, overseas travel in and out of Canada continues to grow rapidly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reprints the article "Emerging Patterns in the Labour Market: A Reversal from the 1990s," by P. Cross, which was published in the March 2005 issue of "Canadian Economic Observer." The paper examined whether the labor market trends reversed since 2000 continued in 2005. Notable developments include the resurgence of construction and resource jobs, the disappearance of factory jobs, notably high technology and automotive jobs. Computer services flattened out while public services were restores after reductions in the 1990s. The resurgence of multinational resource companies and government also favored job growth in large establishments. Meanwhile older workers supplied the increasing demand for labor.

The article presents a list of papers that appeared in previous issues of the journal "Canadian Economic Observer." The papers include "Provincial income disparities through an urban-rural lens," that appeared in the August 2005 issue, "Canada's trade and investment with China," that appeared in the June 2005 issue, "The output gap between Canada and the US: The role of productivity 1994-2002," that appeared in the January 2005 issue, "Canada's imports by country," that appeared in the September 2004 issue, and "Canada's Trade with China," that appeared in the June 2004 issue.

The terms of international trade have a major effect on Canada's economic performance. They directly affect the nominal trade balance, which reflects not only the volume of trade flows but also their prices. Indirectly, changes in the terms of trade also influence the composition of domestic demand through their impact on prices and profits in different sectors. This paper looks at the reasons for the recent sharp shift in Canada's terms of trade and its impact on different sectors of the economy. It also looks to the recent American experience with a sharply rising dollar as a guide to how different sectors of the economy could gain or lose from these changes. The focus of this article is not on the overall net effect, which is likely to be small, but on the distributional effects, which have already been considerable.

The article presents a National Accounts perspective on the recent financial events in Canada. It says that since the onset of global financial crisis after August 2007, interest in financial and economic developments in Canada has grown. The spread between interest rates for government and corporate debt hit a high, as investors abandoned corporate debt and put a premium on the lower risk associated with sovereign debt. The article also presents several charts of statistical economic data.

The article provides information on the economic trends including the increase in commodity prices and the exchange rate in Canada. The world trade goods' inflation has generated a resource boom in the country, which has been attached relatively to the Canadian-U.S. exchange rate. The case stemmed from the integration of China which affected the productivity growth in the global manufacturing sector. Other structural shifts in the Canadian economy are also explored.

This article presents a list of papers that have featured in the previous issues of the periodical "Canadian Economic Observer." Some of the articles are: "Canada's Trade and Investment With China," "Canada's Natural Resource Exports," "Federal Personal Income Tax: Slicing the Pie," "Canada's Economic Growth in Review," "Recent Changes in the Labour Market," "Canada's Textile and Clothing Industries," "The Output Gap Between Canada and the US: The Role of Productivity 1994-2002" and "Social Assistance by Province, 1993-2003."

The article presents information on several economic events in September 2005 in Canada and the world. The Bank of Canada had raised the Bank Rate to 3%, by a quarter point. In another development, Suncor Inc. restarted its upgrading unit in Alberta, nine months after it was damaged by fire, boosting production of synthetic crude by 200,000 barrels a day. Norampac Inc. announced that it will permanently close a paper machine at its linerboard mill in Red Rock, Ontario. In a major development, commercial banks around the world raised their prime rates to 6.75%.

Several charts offering information on interest rates and exchange rates for 90-day treasury bills, 90-day commercial paper and conventional mortgage rate in Canada, Nova Scotia and Quebec from 2009 to 2010, are presented.

Two charts related to the capacity utilization rates of several industries in Canada from 2008 to 2010 including forestry, mining, and paper petroleum chemicals are presented.

Two charts related to industrial product price indexes by industry in Canada from 2008 to 2010 including one related to food, rubber, and plastics industry, and other related to furniture, paper, printing and publishing industry are presented.

The article offers information on the economic data published within the issue of November 2008. The data were retrieved from Official Mark of Statistics Canada for its Canadian Socio-Economic Information Management System (CANSIM), and processed to create a photo-ready copy from which this publication was produced. CANSIM is the Statistics Canada computerized data bank, series published are available on computer printouts, tape, diskette or directly via terminal.

The article offers information on how the data contained in the tables in the "Canadian Economic Observer" are presented. The data are seasonally adjusted and retrieved from the Canadian Socio-Economic Information Management System (CANSIM), the Statistics Canada computerized data bank. The identification numbers found at the start of the data serve as the CANSIM Identifier for the unadjusted or seasonally adjusted data.

The article informs that data found in the cited tables are as available on February 8, 2008, while items contained in this publication are seasonally adjusted. It mentions that the publication's data were recollected from the Official Mark of Statistics Canada for its Canadian Socio-Economic Information Management System (CANSIM). Moreover, it notes that the identification numbers found at the beginning of each row of the mentioned data are referred to the CANSIM Identifier.

The article reports economic developments worldwide in September 2007. The U.S. Federal Reserve Board cut interest rates to 4.75 percent. Canada-based Goldcorp plans to increase by 50 percent the production in its Red lake Gold Mines Unit. Paper company Tembec will be shutting its sawmills in British Columbia for at least two weeks as lumber prices declined and exchange rate increased.

The article offers information about the sources of data found in the current issue of the journal "Canadian Economic Observer." The author explains that data contained in the publication are seasonally adjusted. Moreover, one source for this data is the Canadian Socio-Economic Information Management System (CANSIM) or the Statistics Canada.

The article offers information about the data found in "Canadian Economic Observer" periodical in Canada. It has been noted that those data listed in the tables are as available on July 6, 2007 and are seasonally adjusted. The author also emphasizes that some tables consist of selected components, and the figures shown are rounded. It is likewise asserted that those data were retrieved from CANSIM (Official Mark of Statistics Canada for its Canadian Socio-Economic Information Management System).

The article offers information on the availability and the sources of data presented in the journal "Canadian Economic Observer." The data contained in this publication are as available on June 8, 2007 and they are seasonally adjusted. Some tables in this journal have selected components. Data are retrieved from the Official Mark of Statistics Canada for its Canadian Socio-Economic Information Management System.

The article provides various information related to the facts published in the October 2006 issue of the journal. It mentioned that the data contained in the journal are as available on October 6, 2006 and that data contained in the journal are seasonally adjusted. Some of the tables have selected components and do not add to the total and that most figures have been rounded off. Data from this issue were retrieved from the Canadian Socio-Economic Information Management System.

Notes are presented to users of the January 2006 issue of "Canadian Economic Observers." It gives information about the data contained in the tables and contained in the publication. The data were obtained from CANSIM, the Statistics Canada computerized data bank. Series published in this issue are available on computer printouts, diskette, tape or quarterly data in the column.

The article presents information on economic events that took place in October 2005 with emphasis on the events that took place in Canada. The Bank of Canada has increased its bank rate by 0.25 to take it to 3%. All the residents of Alberta will receive a $400 rebate in January 2006. Ontario has signed a $500 million deal in exchange of hydroelectric power from Manitoba. Brazil's beef exports are banned in over 30 countries due to the report of foot-and-mouth disease that affects cattle. General Motors and Ford Motor Co. have announced further plant closures due to losses.

Presents several notes on how to use the Canadian economic data and statistics contained in the August 2005 issue of the "Canadian Economic Observer" periodical.

Reports on the availability of the data contained in the tables of the journal "Canadian Economic Observer." Adjustment of the data comprised in the periodical; Provision of selected components in some tables; Compilation of the data from the Statistics Canada computerized data bank Cansim.

Provides information about the data contained in the tables published in the March 2005 issue of the journal "Canadian Economic Observer." Retrieval of the data from the Official Mark of Statistics Canada for its Canadian Socio-Economic Information Management System; Availability of the data on computer printouts, tape, diskette or directly via terminal; Reference of the identification numbers to the CANSIM Identifier for the unadjusted or seasonally adjusted monthly or quarterly data in the column.

The article presents information related to data on economic conditions in Canada as of October 8, 2004. The data was retrieved from Statistics Canada's Canadian Socio-Economic Information Management System.

Provides information on the economic data contained in the tables published in the July 2004 issue of "Canadian Economic Observer."

Presents an introduction concerning statistical data contained in the April 2004 issue of "Canadian Economic Observer." Name of the statistics data bank where the data was retrieved; Various sources where the data is available.

A chart related to interest rates and exchange rates including bank rate, prime rate, and mortgage rate from 2008 to 2010 in Canada is presented.

The article offers information on the changes in the gross domestic product (GDP) rate and employment from 1983 to 2007 in Canada. It focuses on the difference between recessions and economic slowdowns. It offers information on the slow growth of employment rate in 2010. It mentions that the downturn in the stocks and the drop in the investment by companies, lead the U.S. economy to recession, effecting the exports of Canada.

The article focuses on the global financial crisis and cross-border financial activity in Canada from 2007-2010. It states that Canada has always been a net borrower from abroad to finance in both current account and government deficits. It also includes several charts that lists Canadian investment in foreign short term instruments, Canadian investment in foreign debt instruments, and Canadian purchases of foreign securities.

The article discusses the impact of the global financial crisis in 2008-2009 on Canada. It states that when the commodity prices depreciated, there was a sharp decline in the stock and the exchange rates in Canada. It mentions that employment and real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) declined more rapidly as compared to the earlier recessions of 1981-1982 and 1990-1991.

The article presents an analysis of the impact of the 2008-09 recession in Canada which was the least severe and shorter amongst the Group of Seven nations. Data related to its labour market, exports, corporate income, savings rates, financial institutions and gross domestic product is presented. The author attributes the strong balance sheets, large pool of savings, strong commodity prices and the absence of problems in financial institutions for the shorter recession and faster recovery.

The article focuses on homeownership in Canada. It discusses the influence of age, family structure and income on home ownership. It states that as the family size increases, a person opts for his own house and emphasizes on price and quality. It reports that ownership rise upto the age of 40 and stabilizes after 65. It focuses on other factors like prices, unemployment and interest rates. It reports that during 1980s ownership decreased due to recession and high interest rates.

The article presents information on the income levels of the U.S. and Canada from 1961-2008. It states the comparison between the per capita income of the U.S. and Canada. It highlights the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross Domestic Income (GDI) for both the countries. It discusses the purchasing power parity (PPP), which is one of the tools used to measure GDP. It presents the statistics of GDP and GDI of the U.S. and Canada since 1961. It also discusses the exchange rates.

The article presents a study related to the economic trends between 1987 and 2005 and self-employment in the unincorporated sector in Canada. It discusses the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of unincorporated enterprises and corporations and the cumulative growth of Canadian economy based on the type of business. It is stated that incorporated self-employment grew during the years unlike the unincorporated self-employed.

The article focuses on a study related to the evolution and performance of the manufacturing sector in Canada. As reported, the manufacturing sector makes the highest contribution to productivity growth of any sector in Canada. However the competition and productivity growth have restrained price increases in manufacturing in comparison to other industries. Several charts and tables related to the article are also presented.

The article focuses on the impact of recessions in the U.S. on Canada. The exports in Canada fell by over 12% due to the drying up of key markets. The prolonged drop in Canada's exports in the second year of recession in 1975 was concentrated in forestry products. Business investment in plant and equipment fell by nearly 10% or more in the deeper recessions of 1954, 1957, 1981-82 and 1990-91. In severe recessions, the year-over-year increase in the unemployment rate hit 5% in 1982.

The article discusses the decline in labour productivity in 2008 and 2009 in Canada. It presents a comparison of labour productivity during the present and previous recessions in Canada and the U.S. It is stated that the employers in Canada did not reduce labour inputs as fast as output in 2008-2009, which led to a decline in the labour productivity in Canada for the first time in over three decades.

The article focuses on the economic conditions in Canada. Some of the key economic indicators that helped in the growth of the economy are discussed. An impact of the increased energy prices on consumer price index for the month of October and November 2010 is mentioned. The employment remained stable in December 2010 whereas household spending increased by 2.5 percent. It informs that the gradual increase in exports have resulted in the continued improvement in the manufacturing sector.

Several charts and graphs are presented that list statistics from financial markets in Canada including exchange rates, stock markets, and corporate finances.

Several charts and graphs are presented that list statistics of goods producing industries of Canada including manufacturing shipments, inventories, and capacity utilization rates.

Several charts and graphs are presented that list various prices indexes in Canada including consumer price index, industrial product price index, and commodity price index.

Several charts related to financial markets in Canada including interest rates, money supply, and stock exchanges are presented.

Several charts on goods-producing industries in Canada including petroleum and natural gas industry, construction industry, and energy, minerals and mining industries are presented.

Several charts on price indexes in Canada including consumer price index, industrial product price index, and commodity price index are presented.

The article focuses on the commodity trade in central Canada. Trade for both Ontario and Quebec rose after 2002, despite the commodity price boom and their large manufacturing base. Manufacturing output in Canada rose from 0.2% per year 2002 and 2007, despite the appreciation of dollar and energy prices.

Several charts are presented that show the financial markets in Canada in November 2008 including the interest rates and exchange rates, money supply and credit and corporate finances.