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The Burkinabe economy is characterized by a structurally deficit trade balance. The main export products are gold, cotton, cashew nuts, zinc and sesame seeds. In order to balance imports and exports, actions must be taken to promote national production by strengthening the competitiveness of economic units. The promotion and development of Special Economic Zones (SEZ) seems to be a solution to the structural transformation of the Burkinabe economy. An economy that will now be anchored in the territory by valuing all the potentialities of which the country abounds. Thus, the SEZs are spaces endowed with a set of infrastructures and services which, combined with tax and customs incentives, offer favourable conditions for the growth of competitive companies for development in line with specific needs of populations. This article assesses the feasibility and impact of the establishment of an SEZ in Burkina Faso by analysing the criteria of these economic zones. According to the analyses, mines and agricultural products are resources that can be subject to special treatment in an SEZ. The cities of Ouagadougou, Bobo-Dioulasso and Dori, in view of the availability of infrastructures and their geographical positions, are authorized to host SEZs. This choice is made taking into account the availability of critical infrastructure such as electricity, water and transport. The establishment of SEZs in these cities will have a fairly significant impact on the flow of foreign direct investment, export earnings and the efficiency of the productive apparatus. This dynamism will lead to job creation and the strengthening of human capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]