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Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Regulatory measures are among the strategies for the promotion of adequate and healthy diet recommended by the Brazilian National Food and Nutrition Policy (PNAN). Although other actions in the promotion of adequate and healthy diet have made strides in Brazil, regulatory measures have made slow progress. The study aimed to identify and describe factors related to the development and implementation of the principal regulatory measures for the protection of adequate and healthy diet in Brazil in the last 20 years. This qualitative document study assessed a series of federal regulatory measures for the protection of adequate and healthy diet proposed or in discussion from 1999 to 2020. They include the regulation of food advertising, regulation of food product marketing in schools, implementation of mandatory front-of-package labeling on foods, and taxation of sugary drinks. Most of the barriers identified were strategies in corporate political activity led by the private sector, especially by the food industry. The Corporate political activity practices used in the various stages of policy processes include legal actions against the State, substitution of policies (suggesting voluntary or ineffective alternatives), opposition, fragmentation, and destabilization with attempts at support from the community. During the study period, none of the measures was approved. Given this scenario, barriers to the approval of regulatory measures for the protection of adequate and healthy diet need to be overcome in Brazil.

This study analyzed the association between food insecurity and hemoglobin and retinol levels in children 6 to 59 months of age. This was a cross-sectional study in 2014 with a representative sample of children in this age bracket treated at basic health units in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Analysis of food insecurity levels used the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale, and venipuncture was performed for measurement of serum hemoglobin and retinol levels. The association between variables used quantile regression models. Of all the children in the sample, 40.3% presented food insecurity, and the prevalence rates for anemia and vitamin A deficiency were 13.7% and 13%, respectively. The study's results revealed a statistically significant inverse association between mild food insecurity and retinol levels. For the other levels of food insecurity (moderate and severe), the results also suggest an inverse association for hemoglobin, and for retinol levels the point estimates appear smaller in children with severe food insecurity, but these estimates were not statistically significant. These results suggest that food insecurity may be associated with micronutrient deficiencies in children under 5 years.

This study examines the influence of increasing household availability of sodas and cookies on the effects of an intervention to promote the consumption of fruits and vegetables. The study analyzed data from 70 families living in low-income communities in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, selected in a stratified probabilistic sample, and who completed a 30-day food record before and after the intervention. The intervention contributed to a significant increase in the household availability of fruit and vegetables (+2.7 p.p.; 95%CI: 1.5; 4.0), contrary to the trend towards stagnation of such availability in the general population in Brazil. Meanwhile, the purchase of sodas and cookies, which was not the intervention's target, mirrored the upward trend in the consumption of these products (+5.8 p.p.; 95%CI: 3.3; 8.4). Families that increased their purchase of sodas and cookies showed lower increases, or even decreases, in the purchase of fruits and vegetables (p < 0.05), and had nearly fourfold lower odds of experiencing any increase in the household availability of fruits and vegetables.

This study focused on the relationship between nutritional and socioeconomic status among adolescents in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Data from 523 adolescents living in 1,734 households were collected from January to December 2003, from a total of 71,922 adolescents living in Niterói. Subjects were selected through a probabilistic household sample. The analyses included the estimation of confidence intervals for prevalence ratios and proportional distributions and independence tests between categories of nutritional status and per capita family income and number of residents per household. There was a significant positive association between underweight/thinness and number of residents in the same household (male: p < 0.05; female: p < 0.001). Number of residents in the same household was positively associated with prevalence of underweight/thinness in adolescents. Overweight/obesity was positively associated with per capita family income.