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Purpose: The paper analyses two current topics in sport economics research and their relationship. Looking at the past 25 years and 21 countries as well as leagues in European football, it is worth looking for the answer to the question of whether there is causality between international competitiveness and competitive balance. In other words, whether an increase in the balance of the national league (namely in excitement) causes the development (better performance of the national team) of a given country's football or this causality is reversed. Methodology: By measuring the extent of competitive balance and identifying the measure of competitiveness, the Granger causality was tested to analyse the relationship of the UEFA country coefficient, the FIFA World Ranking and the Herfindahl ratio of competitive balance (HRCB). Findings: Based on the estimation and testing of vector autoregressions in panel data, it can be stated that the FIFA World Ranking Granger-causes HRCB. Better sports performance of a country's national team indicates that a given league will also be appreciated, meaning that better and better players will arrive in a better and better league, which will attract more exciting games, so a decrease can be observed in competitive balance. Research limitations: The study focused on only two indicators of competitiveness, so it is worth examining causality with more measures in the future. Value: From a management perspective, it is believed that the boards of leagues should consider the results presented in this study, such as that better presence of the national team will make the league more balanced, which will lead to a rise in demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the paper which explores various strategies used to reverse or prevent childhood obesity. It indicates that overcoming family income, as well as parental education is the major obstacle in family interventions for the condition. Moreover, it notes that the best preventive measure for obesity and other diseases involves low consumption of processed foods, moderate fat and abundant fruits and vegetable intake, plus daily activity.

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) proposed this international historical cohort study trying to solve the controversy about the increased risk of cancer in the workers of the Pulp and Paper Industry. One of the most important aspects presented by this study in Brazil was the strategies used to overcome the methodological challenges, such as: data access, data accuracy, data availability, multiple data sources, and the large follow-up period. Through multiple strategies it was possible to build a Brazilian cohort of 3,622 workers, to follow them with a 93 percent success rate and to identify in 99 percent of the cases the cause of death. This paper, has evaluated the data access, data accuracy and the effectiveness of the strategies used and the different sources of data.

Este artigo objetiva identificar as associações das morbidades comuns e dos acidentes de trabalho com setor, descrevendo as cargas de trabalho e realizando um amplo controle de fatores de confusão. Através de delineamento transversal, estudou-se a totalidade dos trabalhadores de uma indústria de celulose e papel (n=671). Realizaram-se entrevistas nesta indústria, caracterizando a percepção dos trabalhadores sobre as exposições ocupacionais e a morbidade. A área industrial caracterizou-se pelo excesso de problemas auditivos (RO>2,5), respiratórios (RO>2,7) e acidentes (RO>4,7), possivelmente relacionados com ruído, poeira, mudanças bruscas de temperatura e exposições a substâncias químicas, além do trabalho físico pesado e exposições a situações de risco. A administração apresentou um aumento de problemas nos olhos, dor nas costas, irritação e nervosismo (RO>1,7), que parecem ter relação com a falta de autonomia e criatividade no trabalho, problemas ergonômicos e esforço visual. Confirmaram-se não só as altas prevalências de morbidades comuns, mas também sua relação com as particularidades do processo de trabalho sintetizadas pela categoria setor.The purpose of this study was to identify associations between common morbidity and work accidents and the respective departments in a pulp and paper industry, describing work loads and performing broad control of potential confounding factors. We studied all the workers from a specific pulp and paper industry, using a cross-sectional design and interviews at the workplace (n=671) with a standardized questionnaire. We characterized workers' perceptions of their occupational exposures and health problems. The industrial area had an excess in auditory problems (OR>2.5) and respiratory problems (OR>2.7) as well as accidents (OR>4.7). These diseases were probably related to the high prevalence of noise, dust, sudden temperature changes, exposure to various chemicals, and excessive effort and high-risk situations. Moreover, the management group showed an excess in eye problems, backache, irritation, and nervousness (OR>1.7), apparently related to lack of autonomy and creativeness at work, ergonomic problems, and strained eyesight. The study confirmed not only a high prevalence of common diseases, but also their relationship to specific features of the work process indicated by each department category.