Search

Sexual violence against women is a human rights violation and public health concern, with serious Implications for women's physical and mental health. Reducing non-partner sexual violence, including rape, sexual assault and other forms of non- contact sexual abuse, is one of the main indicators of the sustainable development goals. World Health Organization estimates, based on available prevalence data from 137 countries between 2000 and 2018, showed that, globally, 6% of women aged 15-49 years reported experiencing sexual violence in their lifetime from someone other than an intimate partner, with prevalence rates varying across regions. However, the reporting, measurement and documentation of the global extent of non-partner sexual violence against women is methodologically challenging, resulting in a gross underestimation of its magnitude and impact. To prevent and respond to this issue, policy-makers must consider interventions on education, access to relevant health-care services, public awareness, and effective and comprehensive legislation. To better estimate the prevalence of both sexual violence overall and non-partner sexual violence, it is essential to continue to strengthen the measurement of non-partner sexual violence, including the types of acts asked about and the mode of interviewing. Further research is needed to understand the cumulative impact of different forms of sexual violence on the lives of women and girls, including sexual violence during childhood and its associated risk with further exposure. Funding is required for more research and implementation of interventions to prevent and reduce all forms of violence against women and girls, including sexual violence. Les violences sexuelles a l'egard des femmes constituent une violation des droits humains et un probleme de sante publique qui ont de graves repercussions sur la sante physique et mentale des femmes. La reduction des violences sexuelles qui ne sont pas le fait d'un(e) partenaire, y compris le viol, l'agression sexuelle et d'autres formes d'abus sexuels sans contact, est l'un des principaux indicateurs des objectifs de developpement durable. Selon les estimations de l'Organisation mondiale de la sante, qui se fonde sur les donnees de prevalence disponibles dans 137 pays entre 2000 et 2018, 6% des femmes agees de 15 a 49 ans dans le monde ont declare avoir subi des violences sexuelles au cours de leur vie de la part d'une personne autre qu'un(e) partenaire intime, les taux de prevalence variant d'une region a l'autre. Toutefois, la declaration, la mesure et la documentation de l'ampleur mondiale des violences sexuelles a l'egard des femmes qui n'impliquent pas de partenaire sont difficilement realisables sur le plan methodologique, ce qui entraine une sous-estimation flagrante de leur ampleur et de leur impact. Pour prevenir et pallier ce probleme, les decideurs politiques doivent envisager des interventions dans les domaines de l'education, de l'acces a des soins de sante appropries, de la sensibilisation du public et de l'adoption d'une legislation efficace et complete. Afin de mieux estimer la prevalence des violences sexuelles en general et des violences sexuelles qui ne sont pas le fait d'un(e) partenaire en particulier, il est essentiel de continuer a renforcer la mesure de ce dernier type de violences sexuelles, notamment en ce qui concerne les types d'actes sur lesquels portent les questions et le mode d'interrogation. Des recherches supplementaires s'imposent pour comprendre l'impact cumulatif des differentes formes de violences sexuelles sur la vie des femmes et des filles, y compris les violences sexuelles subies pendant l'enfance et les risques associes a une exposition ulterieure. La recherche sur les interventions visant a empecher et a reduire toutes les formes de violences a l'egard des femmes et des filles, y compris les violences sexuelles, et leur mise en oeuvre doivent etre davantage financees. La violencia sexual contra las mujeres es una violacion de los derechos humanos y un problema de salud publica, con graves consecuencias para la salud fisica y mental de las mujeres. Reducir la violencia sexual fuera de la pareja, incluidas las violaciones, las agresiones sexuales y otras formas de abuso sexual sin contacto, es uno de los principales indicadores de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. Las estimaciones de la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud, basadas en los datos de prevalencia disponibles de 137 paises entre 2000 y 2018, mostraron que, a nivel mundial, el 6% de las mujeres de 15 a 49 anos informaron haber sufrido violencia sexual en su vida por parte de alguien que no era su pareja, con tasas de prevalencia que varian segun las regiones. Sin embargo, la presentacion de informes, la medicion y la documentacion del alcance mundial de la violencia sexual contra las mujeres fuera de la pareja es metodologicamente dificil, lo que resulta en una gran subestimacion de su magnitud e impacto. Para prevenir y responder a este problema, los responsables de formular las politicas deben considerar la posibilidad de intervenir en la educacion, el acceso a los servicios sanitarios pertinentes, la concienciacion publica y una legislacion eficaz y exhaustiva. Para estimar mejor la prevalencia tanto de la violencia sexual en general como de la violencia sexual fuera de la pareja, es esencial seguir reforzando la medicion de esta ultima, incluidos los tipos de actos sobre los que se pregunta y el modo de entrevista. Se requiere mas investigacion para comprender el impacto acumulativo de las diferentes formas de violencia sexual en la vida de las mujeres y las ninas, incluida la violencia sexual durante la infancia y su riesgo asociado con una mayor exposicion. Se requiere financiacion para investigar mas e implementar intervenciones que prevengan y reduzcan todas las formas de violencia contra mujeres y ninas, incluida la violencia sexual., Introduction Sexual violence against women is a human rights violation and public health concern worldwide. (1,2) Such violence can occur in many circumstances and settings: within the home, in public [...]

Introduction On 17 June 2011, the United Nations (UN) Human Rights Council passed a resolution that expressed grave concern at violence and discrimination against individuals based on their sexual orientation [...], Objective To assess the prevalence of physical and sexual violence motivated by perception of sexual orientation and gender identity in sexual and gender minorities. Methods We searched nine databases without language restrictions for peer- reviewed and grey literature published from 2000 to April 2016. We included studies with more than 50 participants that measured the prevalence of physical and sexual violence perceived as being motivated by sexual orientation and gender identity or gender expression. We excluded intimate partner violence and self-harm. Due to heterogeneity and the absence of confidence intervals in most studies, we made no meta-analysis. Findings We included 76 articles from 50 countries. These covered 74 studies conducted between 1995 and 2014, including a total of 202607 sexual and gender minority participants. The quality of data was relatively poor due to a lack of standardized measures and sometimes small and non-randomized samples. In studies where all sexual and gender minorities were analysed as one population, the prevalence of physical and sexual violence ranged from 6% (In a study including 240 people) to 25% (49/196 people) and 5.6% (28/504) to 11.4% (55/484), respectively. For transgender people the prevalence ranged from 11.8% (of a subsample of 34 people) to 68.2% (75/110) and 7.0% (in a study including 255 people) to 49.1% (54/110). Conclusion More data are needed on the prevalence, risk factors and consequences of physical and sexual violence motivated by sexual orientation and gender identity in different geographical and cultural settings. National violence prevention policies and interventions should include sexual and gender minorities. Objectif Estimer la prevalence des violences physiques et sexuelles motivees par la perception de l'orientation sexuelle et de l'identite de genre dans les minorltes sexuelles. Methodes Nous avons recherche dans neuf bases de donnees, sans restriction de langue, des documents soumis a comite de lecture ou non et publies entre 2000 et avril 2016. Nous avons Indus les etudes de plus de 50 participants qul ont mesure la prevalence des violences physiques et sexuelles pergues comme etant motivees par l'orientation sexuelle et l'identite ou l'expression de genre. Nous avons exclu les violences conjugales et les actes auto-agresslfs. En raison de l'heterogenelte des etudes et de l'absence d'Intervalle de confiance dans la plupart d'entre elles, nous n'avons pas realise de meta-analyse. Resultats Nous avons pris en compte 76 articles provenant de 50 pays. Ceux-cl s'interessaient a 74 etudes, menees entre 1995 et 2014, qul portaient sur un total de 202 607 participants issus de minorites sexuelles. La qualite des donnees etait relativement mauvalse a cause de l'absence de mesures standardlsees et, parfols, d'echantillons reduits et non randomises. Dans les etudes qui ont analyse l'ensemble des minorites sexuelles comme une seule population, la prevalence des violences physiques et sexuelles allait respectivement de 6% (dans une etude sur 240 personnes) a 25% (49/196 personnes) et de 5,6% (28/504) a 11,4% (55/484). Pour les personnes transgenre, la prevalence allait de 11,8% (dans un sousgroupe de 34 personnes) a 68,2% (75/110) et de 7,0% (dans une etude sur 255 personnes) a 49,1 % (54/110). Conclusion Il est necessalre d'avoir davantage de donnees sur la prevalence, les facteurs de risque et les consequences des violences physiques et sexuelles motivees par l'orientation sexuelle et l'identite de genre dans dlfferentes regions et dlfferents contextes cultureis. Les politiques et les actions nationales de prevention de la violence devralent prendre en compte les minorltes sexuelles. Objetivo Evaluar la prevalence de la violencia fisica y sexual motivada por la percepcion de la orientacion sexual y la Identidad de genero en las minorias sexuales y de genero. Metodos Se realizaron busquedas en nueve bases de datos sin restricciones de idioma en busca de literatura gris y examinada por expertos publicada desde 2000 hasta abril de 2016. Incluimos estudios con mas de 50 participantes que midieron la prevalencia de la violencia fisica y sexual percibida como motivada por la orientacion sexual y la identidad o la expresion de genero. Excluimos la violencia en la pareja intima y la autolesion. Debido a la heterogeneidad y la ausencia de intervalos de confianza en la mayoria de los estudios, no realizamos ningun metanalisis. Resultados Se incluyeron 76 articulos de 50 paises. Estos cubrieron 74 estudios realizados entre 1995 y 2014, incluyendo un total de 202.607 participantes de minorias sexuales y de genero. La calidad de los datos fue relativamente baja debido a la falta de medidas estandarizadas y, en ocasiones, muestras pequenas y no aleatorizadas. En los estudios en los que todas las minorias sexuales y de genero se analizaron como una unica poblacion, la prevalencia de la violencia fisica y sexual vario del 6% (en un estudio que incluia a 240 personas) al 25% (49/196 personas) y del 5,6% (28/504) al 11,4% (55/484), respectivamente. Para las personas transexuales, la prevalencia vario del 11,8% (de una submuestra de 34 personas) al 68,2% (75/110) y del 7,0% (en un estudio que incluyo a 255 personas) al 49,1% (54/110). Conclusion Se necesitan mas datos sobre la prevalencia, los factores de riesgo y las consecuencias de la violencia fisica y sexual motivada por la orientacion sexual y la identidad de genero en diferentes entornos geograficos y culturales. Las politicas e intervenciones nacionales de prevencion de la violencia deberian incluir las minorias sexualesy de genero.

This paper synthesizes the rates, barriers, and outcomes of HIV serostatus disclosure among women in developing countries. We identified 17 studies from peer-reviewed journals and international conference abstracts - 15 from sub-Saharan Africa and 2 from south-east Asia - that included information on either the rates, barriers or outcomes of HIV serostatus disclosure among women in developing countries. The rates of disclosure reported in these studies ranged from 16.7% to 86%, with women attending free-standing voluntary HIV testing and counselling clinics more likely to disclose their HIV status to their sexual partners than women who were tested in the context of their antenatal care. Barriers to disclosure identified by the women included fear of accusations of infidelity, abandonment, discrimination and violence. Between 3.5% and 14.6% of women reported experiencing a violent reaction from a partner following disclosure. The low rates of HIV serostatus disclosure reported among women in antenatal settings have several implications for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (pMTCT) programmes as the optimal uptake and adherence to such programmes is difficult for women whose partners are either unaware or not supportive of their participation. This article discusses these implications and offers some strategies for safely increasing the rates of HIV status disclosure among women.

The sustainable development goals (SDGs), which are defined in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, (1) offer an opportunity to achieve the commitments on the prevention of violence against women [...]

Violence against women has been described as 'perhaps the most shameful human rights violation, and the most pervasive.' (1) Addressing violence against women is central to the achievement of Millennium [...]

This paper synthesize stherates, barriers ,and outcomes of HIV serostatus disclosure among women in developing countries. We identified 17 studies from peer-reviewed journals and international conference abstracts -- 15 from sub-Saharan Africa and 2 from south-east Asia -- that included information on either the rates, barriers or outcomes of HIV serostatus disclosure among women in developing countries. The rates of disclosure reported in these studies ranged from 16.7% to 86%, with women attending free-standing voluntary HIV testing and counseling clinics more likely to disclose their HIV status to their sexual partners than women who were tested in the context of their antenatal care. Barriers to disclosure identified by the women included fear of accusations of infidelity, abandonment, discrimination and violence. Between 3.5% and 14.6% of women reported experiencing a violent reaction from a partner following disclosure. The low rates of HIV serostatus disclosure reported among women in antenatal settings have several implications for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV(pMTCT)programmes as the optimal up take and adherence to such programmes is difficult for women whose partners are either unaware or not supportive of their participation. This article discusses these implications and offers some strategies for safely increasing the rates of HIV status disclosure among women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]