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From the perspective of patent industry innovation chain, this paper analyzed the regional differences of the patent technology innovation efficiency and industrial technology innovation efficiency in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta, as well as the spatial patterns and industrial characteristics of cities with various types of technological innovation efficiency. It is found that there are significant differences in patent and industrial technology innovation efficiency among the three urban agglomerations. The patent technology innovation efficiency in the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration is relatively high, while that in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Yangtze River Delta urban agglomerations is relatively low. Cities with high industrial technological innovation efficiency show a continuous distribution around Beijing and Tianjin in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, a central periphery structure in the Yangtze River Delta, and a centripetal distribution in the Pearl River Delta. More than 50% of the listed high-tech enterprises in cities with high industrial technological innovation efficiency are strategic emerging industry enterprises. Most of the cities with low industrial technological innovation efficiency are located far away from the provincial capital cities and municipalities directly under the central government, and the number of listed high-tech enterprises in most cities is small. In view of the present situation of technological innovation efficiency of the three major urban agglomerations, this paper puts forward different innovation development strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modernization is not only a world phenomenon, but also a civilization progress and a development goal. Modernization indicators could reflect the level, characteristics, and states of modernization, which can be organized as the modernization indicator system with systematic structure according to the modernization principles. Based on a brief review of the research on modernization indicators since the 1950s, this paper mainly focuses on the establishment of the indicator system of world modernization in the light of the second modernization theory and modernization science, aiming to identify the level, characteristics, and states of national modernization from a global perspective. And the world-renowned indicator systems, such as Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Country Profiles, World Development Indicators of World Bank, and the Indicators of World Modernization Outline have been referred as indicator sources. The Indicator System of World Modernization includes 100 modernization indicators, covering 6 fields, 15 themes, 35 sub-themes, and 5 dimensions of world modernization (Behaviors, Structures, Institutions, Concepts, and Side effects). Among them, there are 50 indicators applied for reflecting the level of modernization, 28 for characteristics, and 22 for states. It could provide scientific reference for exploring and establishing an indicator system of China modernization with Chinese characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mercury (Hg) is one of the most toxic heavy metal and a global pollutant. The Minamata Convention on mercury entered into force in August 2017, which aims to control and reduce global anthropogenic Hg emissions and use, and highlights that Hg pollution has become an important global environmental issue. At present, China is one of the larger countries on Hg production, use, and emission, which faced with great pressure of Hg pollution control and implementation of the Convention. Based on this background, this paper systematically describes the production, use, and emission of Hg in China, the migration, transformation, and health effects of Hg, the Minamata Convention on mercury, and the progress of Hg pollution control and implementation of Minamata Convention in China, and also points out five aspects on Hg research in China, which hopes to contribute to the environmental Hg pollution control and the implementation of the international convention in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]