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Comments on nuclear weapons tests conducted by India on May 11 and 13, 1998, questioning the verification of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. Devices which India tested on May 11; Information on United States Geological Survey results; Information on seismograph readings; Seismic data of the May 13 tests.

Provides information on the U.S. nuclear forces and capabilities, as of September 1984. Policy implemented by the government under the administration of President Ronald Reagan; Number of weapons in the stockpile; Land-based missile force; Sea-based missile force; Strategic bomber force; Non-strategic nuclear forces on land.

The article focuses on the proposals of the United States for a world arms census for control of atomic energy. The author reflects that the United States' proposal for arms count in its effort to control atomic armaments brings no significant change in the course of the negotiation. The proposal rather is a step back because it did not explicitly state that the complete arms count should be agreed upon in advance of the negotiation on limitation. He opines that the proposal is good only as a working paper for better plans in future negotiations. He suggests on the agreement to combine the arms count provisions with the limitations plan.

Describes four flourishing cottage industries that have cropped up in Washington since November 3. The resume industry; The `Dear Bill' industry; The who's-in industry; The real estate industry.

The article focuses on the increasing amount of pulp and paper mill fluid waste in California. In a study conducted by the American chemical Society, it is stated that the industry's daily discharge of oxygen-demanding substances was comparable to the sewage of 43.6 million persons. In response to the mounting industrial pollution, various types of treatment equipment were installed by the paper companies. Kimberly-Clark Corporation has formulated techniques to meet the unprecedented quality requirements for the effluents from its new Shasta division pulp and paper operation in Anderson. Information about the problem faced by the company on its applied technique is discussed.

The article reflects on the visa policy of the United States. It cites the Internal Security Act of 1950 and the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 and their effects in the country's foreign policy and home security. It also cites the factors that underlies the provisions of the visa policy such as the fear of foreigners, hatred of the educated, the uncomfortable position of the consuls between Congress and the applicant, and the lack of provisions for effective administration.

The article focuses on the working paper related to the control of atomic energy which was presented by the United States Delegation. The delegates of the Soviet Union opposed the working paper because it reduced the importance of questioning the prohibition of atomic weapons. The working paper was not publicly announced but several newspapers suggested that the committee devote in outlining the exact mechanism and functions of the international authority. The definition of terms was one of the first job of the authority after the committee would get into the functions of research, mining, processing, nuclear fuels stockpiling and the design of plants and reactors.

An excerpt from the White Paper issued by the British Minister of Defense about the new British defense policy is presented.

The article reports on issues related to the decision to produce hydrogen weapon and the recently issued Statement on Defense which have sparked a series of parliamentary debates on atomic weapons and their social effects in Great Britain. The Statement on Defense in 1955, which was published as White Paper, has laid out the government's views and policy on nuclear and conventional forces. The said Defense White Paper has brought the differences in the Labour party. A large minority, led by Aneurin Bevan, insists that hydrogen bomb should be used only as a last resource, and objects to the implications in the White Paper. The rest of the party are seen to have split among extreme pacifists. The Conservative party, on the other hand, accept the hydrogen bomb as a deterrent.

The article presents several news briefs from the related to atomic energy with the involvement of the United Nations. The Control Committee completed the first discussion of the six working papers on the detailed functions of an international control agency. The Committee took up the statement in the coordinating paper which said the issue of international ownership of source material remains controversial.

The article focuses on the significance of keeping the scientific literature, with the increasing growth of scientific activity. According to sources, the volume of published literature increases every year and many professional scientists conclude that it is not their concern but it is for librarians to undertake the management of what has been considered as information crisis. Thus, the librarians are supplied with substantial technical advice showing how computers not yet designed makes rapid searches through catalogues still to be compiled. However, that kind of self-critical domestic help is not yet ready to be provided by the technical community to soften the edge of the crisis.

The article presents a reprint of the article "The Fourth Estate in the Third World," by Joanmarie Kalter, which appeared in the journal "Quill." The article focuses on the perception of Westerners regarding the conditions of media in third world countries. The press is devoid of its independence because the government has repressed it. Government has the power to confiscate, ban or suspend any newspaper.

The article presents information about the Pentagon Papers case in which the U.S. government tried and failed to subdue publication of a classified, top-secret government history of the Vietnam war. In 1978, Howard Morlland, a journalist with one published article to his credit, with no scientific training, after just six months of research, the basic design concepts and various design features of U.S. thermonuclear weapons. Morland was convinced that what he had so easily deciphered could not be considered secret knowledge and thus he could not spell the difference between thermonuclear proliferation and the thermonuclear status quo.

The author reflects on the papers by Karl Z. Morgan and Joseph Rotblat regarding the induction of cancer by low levels of ionizing radiation. He asserts that the Morgan and Rotbalt articles diverges from the majority opinion when they say that excess leukemias were experienced by early entrants into Hiroshima and Nagasaki after the atomic bomb incidents. He highlights Rotblat's discrepancies between the data on atomic bomb survivors and medical exposures. He also points out that Rotbalt's conclusion regarding the effects of radiation is a weak one.

The article focuses on the program prepared by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission for the Geneva Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in Switzerland. Thus, looking toward presentation at Geneva, several thousand organizations associated in some way with atomic energy were invited to submit for review abstracts of papers for submission to the United Nations. Moreover, all papers submitted to and accepted by the United Nations, including the American papers will be published in full in the conference proceedings. According to the author, Geneva will mark the first time that all available technical information on the constructive uses of atomic energy has been assembled in one place and where specialists from eighty countries have been able to convene.

The article presents a critique by Philip Sporn of the papers concerning "The Control of Science for Civil Needs" written by Anthony Wedgwood Benn, Myron Tribus, Daniel C. Drucker, and Alan Mencher. The papers all express faith in science and technology in solving mankind's problems. Although science and technology has contributed to economic and political upliftment, man also mistrusts it, given that science may also become an instrument in the annihilation of mankind. The tragedy is that science, technology and big business have diverted man from ethical and moral imperatives.

Information about several papers discussed in the 9th and 10th of the Pugwash Conferences in Science and World Affairs which were held in Cambridge on August 25-30, and in London, England on September 3-7, 1962. The conference gathered 60 scientists from 18 countries. The papers presented by Western scientists and the statements emanating from the conferences have shown no evidence of partisan inspiration.

Information about several papers discussed at the seventh and eighth meetings of the Conferences on Science and World Affairs in Stowe, Vermont is presented. The seventh conference dealt with international cooperation in science. The eight conference focused on disarmament and world security. Other papers centered on issues regarding demilitarized zones, test-ban agreements and the economic consequences of disarmament.

Information about the conference of scientists and scholars titled "Science and Freedom" held from July 23 to 26, 1953 in Germany is presented. Professor Michael Polanyi presented his paper "Pure and Applied Science and Their Appropriate Organization" which set the theme of the conference. Professor Samuel Allison presented "Academic Freedom and State Security," and John R. Baker's paper "Scientific Authority and the System of Scientific Publication."

The article presents a response to the letter addressed to David E. Lilienthal, chairman of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, requesting a statement about policies about the general subject of atomic research which includes the questions on the restrictions on free publication imposed on authors of scientific papers in the field of nuclear research and to what extent the scientist are permitted to discuss their work freely. The statement which defines in general terms the policies of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and an outline of its current program is presented.

The article presents Karl Z. Morgan's response to the comments of Bernard L. Cohen on his article on the induction of cancer by low levels of ionizing radiation. He states that Cohen's comment is loaded with misrepresentation of facts and is erroneous. He emphasizes that he did not make any reference to the 1977 UNSCEAR report as claimed by Cohen. He also states that Cohen failed to mention that three papers contain independent evidence of a rising risk of cancer of radiosensitive tissues with increasing dose.

The article presents a paper that was discussed at a symposium on nuclear disarmament in the Pugwash Conference. Scientists made discussed concerns over nuclear arms disarmament and control, promotion of peace, economic problems and other world problems. The author reiterates the opinions of statesmen and scientist on the danger of nuclear arms such as Bernard Baruch, Albert Einstein, and President Franklin Roosevelt. The author suggests that their warnings and pleas to the government regarding the menace of nuclear weapons have not been enough to persuade them to change the nuclear policy.

Focuses on the defense policy of Canada. Essential components of Canadian security policy; Declaratory support of the white paper; Non-nuclear proliferation of Canada.

The article presents a reprint of the article discussing the reorganization of the British Atomic Energy project that was published in "The Economist." It focuses on the White Paper issued by the British government, which describes the kind of organization to which the government has decided to entrust the development of atomic energy. It likewise offers information about the transfer of responsibility for atomic energy from the Ministry of Supply to the Lord President of Great Britain.

Discusses the history of the civil defense program of the U.S., from 1944 to 1984. Reason given by the government on the establishment of a civil defense program; Studies conducted on the potential impact on a typical American city of the hydrogen bomb; Creation of the U.S. Federal Civil Defense Administration; Ways used to educate the public on civil defense; Implementation of the Interstate Highway Act of 1956.

The article presents the paper analyzing several misconceptions regarding nuclear fuel cycles that breed fissile uranium-233 from thorium. The paper concludes that Uranium-233 is an attractive material for making fission bombs and is a credible material for the use of subnational and national groups. It suggests that the denatured thorium-uranium cycles are not effective safeguards against subnational bomb-making and that other features of mixed thorium-uranium cycles are unattractive from a safeguards point of view. Thorium cycles cannot provide major savings in nuclear fuel resources even though they are known to have some potential technical advantages.

Information about several papers discussed at a symposium on the assumption of a need for a major commitment to nuclear power is presented. It mentions the general agreement of the conference that nuclear power is a necessary and irreplaceable source of the next generations energy supply for mankind for both short and long term. Views by Sigvard Eklund regarding the issue is offered.

The article discusses the proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Power and Its Fuel Cycle held in Salzburg, Austria in May 2-13, 197. Observations about several papers discussed at a symposium on the postponed plutonium reprocessing and plutonium breeding is presented. An overview of the completed comprehensive review by the United States regarding energy policy is offered.

The article discusses the proceedings of the Royal Society and British Academy held in London, England. Observations about several papers discussed at a symposium on the process of extracting information on prehistoric man's knowledge of astronomy and mathematics, with a subtitle of "The Unwritten Evidence" is presented. The symposium featured several notable people including R. J. K. Atkinson and Fred Hoyle.

Information about several papers discussed at a symposium on the Science and Man in the Americas, a second discovery of America is presented. Among the topics mentioned are the innovation in science and technology to the problems and prospects of the people in the Western Hemisphere. A forum for warnings about the rising competition of coastal nations for control of ocean resources is provided. The conference featured several scientists, scholars, medical and public health experts and engineers.

The article presents a discussion of energy conservation and waste recycling, adapted from a paper presented to the 1972 annual conference of American Institute of Planners.

The article reflects on a paper entitled "Stop Before Turning" by Eugene Rabinowitch presented at the third Pugwash Conference held in Lac Beauport, Canada. The paper argues that the immediate challenge before all nations is to freeze existing political divisions and recognize all de facto governments. It reports that such freeze was needed before a forward movement could begin towards a war-free world, which is a prerequisite for the viability of humanity in the atomic age. It states that the proposal was not declared for the special justice of the political divisions, and legitimacy of the national regimes established in the wake of World War 2.

The article presents the paper on analyzing questions of social control and direction of the technological and scientific revolution which was discussed at the conference titled "The Control of Science for Civil Needs" at a Northwestern University Colloquium on April 12-13, 1971. The paper focuses on the impact of technological innovations on the structure of the government. The author points out that the amount of power that the technological revolution has created far exceeds the capability of even the most inspired, dedicated or brilliant leaders to control that power unaided.

The article discusses the paper about several factors affecting science policy in the U.S. The paper was presented at a conference titled "Impact of Aerospace Science and Technology on Law and Government," sponsored by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and the American Bar Association on August 30, 1968. The growth of domestic economic and social progress as a prime motive for its support is the clearest modification in research and development (R & D) policy. The R & D policy has the greatest social multiplier effect over time of any policy made as a society.

The article discusses the various studies conducted on arms control in the U.S. Study of the available literature gains a general impression that the problem is very difficult. This applies particularly to the physical methods of inspection. To get a fair estimate of the difficulties of physical inspection, an individual must read the papers of the proponents of nonphysical inspection. However, there are two points in studying nonphysical inspection which contains hidden assumptions. The first assumption is that there is no real temptation to conceal armaments while the second is a probability of detection that would deter nations from violations of the disarmament agreements.

Information about several papers discussed at the international conference on the role of science in the Advancement of New States which was held in Israel is presented. Among the topics included in the discussion include the use of nuclear and solar energy, impact of science and technology on the basic resources, and ways to maintain population. Several scientists spoke at the event including Brock Chisholm, Walter Lowdermilk, and Saul Adler.

The article offers a look on the nuclear weapons development program of the Soviet Union for industrial applications of explosions. According to the author, the Union acknowledged the importance of the peaceful use of nuclear explosives at the outset of its program and following its first successful nuclear tests in 1949. In a statement, Soviet Ambassador Andrei Vishinsky stressed that they are now employing atomic energy for peaceful purposes, not to stockpile bombs. To give more light on the matter, an extract of the paper "On the Use of Nuclear Explosives for Industrial Purposes," by G. Pokrovwas, which was published in Russia in 1956 is presented. This paper analyzes the potentialities of nuclear explosions for excavation.

The article offers information on the paper presented at the United Nations Conference on the Peacetime Uses of Atomic Energy in Geneva.

The article focuses on the initiative of scientist Leo Szilard to encourage physicists in America, England, France and Denmark to deter publication of papers related to atomic energy. It is indicated that his paper on the possibility of keeping a chain reaction in a system consisted of graphite and uranium was the first one withheld, as requested by the government. After the war, he was the one of the people who interfered with the publication of the Symth Report, since he felt that it will risk national security.

The article discusses the history of the development of hydrogen bomb in the U.S. Accordingly, the history of hydrogen bomb and the thermonuclear weapons can be traced using textbooks and research papers on fundamental physics. Former assistant Secretary of the War, John J. McCloy claimed that in 1962, an invention of a powerful hydrogen bomb will be made which will be ten times more powerful than the bomb dropped on Hiroshima, Japan. However, during the development problems especially on building thermonuclear bomb had been encountered.

The article discusses the proceedings of the "Science and Man in the Americas" held in Mexico City. Observations about several papers discussed at a symposium on the problem of making the right choices about the application of science and technology are presented. The symposium featured several notable people including Edmundo Fuenzalida, Mark Massel, and Robert Staubaugh.

Information about several papers discussed at the "17th Pugwash Conference on Science and World Affairs" is presented. Some 200 scientists attended the conference to discuss and evaluate past activities for world peace. Several issues are presented including the nuclear nonproliferation treaty, cooperative education programs, world food supply problem and international scientific projects.

The article discusses various reports published within the issue including an evaluation of the military and scientific developments as well as the political and socio-economic condition of China and another about the papers presented in the International Conference on Mainland China which was held on February 8-11, 1966.

Information about several papers discussed at International Conference on Science in the Advancement of New States which was held in Israel is presented. The conference focused on the introduction to the world leaders the eminent scientists from advanced countries and explaining to them how science and technology can help with their problems. Several scientists spoke at the conference including P. M. S. Blackett, John Cokcroft, and John A. Jukes.

The article focuses on the reorganization of the U.S. National Security Council (NSC) under the presidency of Dwight David Eisenhower. The author provides an analysis on the performance of NSC under the administration of former president Harry S. Truman and identifies its weakness. Some of which is the informal nature of NSC proceedings during that time and that NSC had been always late in the policy-making process in matters concerning national security. But with the powerful tandem of Robert Cutler and Eisenhower, several significant changes occurred in the NSC. The NSC structure was strengthened and the Council mechanism was implemented for all major foreign and military policy-making.

The article presents several papers discussed at the Symposium on Chemical and Biological Defenses in Perspective of the American Chemical Society (ACS), held on April 8, 1960 in Cleveland, Ohio. Among the discussions on chemical and biological warfare heard by the members of the ACS, a large number dealt with defenses against biological and chemical weapons. Clifford F. Rassweiler, vice-president for research and development of Johns-Manville Corp., drew reports on civil defense problems together in his paper, "What We Must Remember and What WE Must Do." Gerhard D. Bleichen, vice-president and secretary of John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance Co., expound on this problem.

The article presents one of the papers discussed at the convocation of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, on the impact of science on human activity held on April 1, 1949. It is said that because of science, the western world no longer possesses the sense of common values which gave coherence to human activities in earlier ages. In this paper, the author examines some of the spiritual implications of the commitment of the scientist on his program of dealing with the universe and considers some of the consequences of the new insights which have been acquired in carrying out the program thus far.

The article presents parts of the second report of the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission (UNAEC) to the U. N. Security Council. The report presents a review of the proceedings of the UNAEC on the discussion on the points of disagreement expressed by the Soviet Union and the formulation of proposals for an effective system of international control of atomic energy. An overview of the functions and powers of the international agency and amended proposals to Part II of the six "Working Papers."