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The aim of the study was to evaluate the grain yield and yield-related traits of 20 hulled and 20 hull-less spring barley accessions under conditions of South-eastern Bulgaria. Field experiments were carried out from 2017 to 2019 in the experimental field of the Institute of Agriculture-Karnobat. The effects of years and year by genotype interactions on grain yield and studied yield-related traits were considerably higher in hull-less accessions compared to hulled accessions. Highest broad-sense heritability was found for spike length, 1000-grain weight and number of spikelets per spike in both barley types. Hull-less accessions showed a lower average number of spikes per plant, number of grains per spike, weight of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight and grain yield. The number of grains per spike had a maximum direct effect on grain yield, followed by the number of spikes per plant and weight of grains per spike in hulled accessions. While in hull-less genotypes, the number of spikes per plant had the highest direct effect on grain yield, followed by the number of grains per spike and spike length. Therefore, direct selection for these traits would be an effective breeding strategy for increasing the grain yield of spring barley. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selection criteria is very crucial to pick up promising genotypes in a breeding program. An experiment was conducted with twenty soybean genotypes following a randomized complete block design to study the inheritable agronomic traits, their interrelation and partitioning of genotypic correlation into direct and indirect effects to identify the traits responsible for higher seed yield. Results indicated that phenotypic variance was higher than that of genotypic variance for all the characters. The highest PCV was found for the trait seed yield per plant (39.03%) followed by yield per plot (32.85%). The higher GCV was also found for the same traits-seed yield per plant (37.36%), yield per plot (27.23%). PCV and GCV was the lowest for trait days to maturity (6.28%, 4.16%) and days to flowering (3.20%, 2.24%). Estimated broad sense heritability was ranged from days to flowering (44.05%) to seed yield per plant (91.62%). Higher estimate of heritability was also observed for yield per plot (88.65%) followed by hundred seed weight (85.39%) whereas; heritability was moderate for plant height (76.75%) and pod per plant (70.17%). The genetic advance was the highest for plant height (19.39%). On the other hand, primary branch per plant, days to flowering and days to maturity showed low heritability with low GA depicts the influence of non-additive gene effect. Pod per plant, hundred seed weight, days to maturity and plant height is positively and significantly correlated with yield. Pod per plant (0.908) and hundred seed weight (0.907) showed highest direct positive effect on seed yield at genotypic level. Path analysis also confirmed highest positive direct effect of hundred seed weight (0.701). So, the present study suggests that, higher hundred seed weight and pod per plant can be effective selection measure for improvement of soybean yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to determine the most important determinants of sunflower oil yield using path analysis 36 sunflower hybrids were evaluated for agronomic traits as a simple lattice experiment in three regions with different climate (Karaj, Gonbad and Khoy) in 2015. According to the results, seed yield had the highest correlation with oil yield in all three locations. Seed number per head in Karaj, seed number/head plus oil content in Khoy and all three components of oil yield along with stem and head diameter in Gonbad had positive correlation with oil yield. The highest positive direct effects were imposed by achene number per head, achene weight and oil content respectively in all locations. The highest indirect effects on oil yield were imposed by achene number per head in Karaj and Khoy and by achene weight in Gonbad. Stem and head diameter, days to flowering and plant height had positive indirect effect on oil yield through seed number per head in Karaj. Majority of the indirect effects on oil yield were imposed through seed weight in Gonbad. In this location stem and head diameter, days to maturity, plant height and oil content had positive effect on oil yield through achene weight while stem and head diameter and oil content through seed number per head. Plant height, achene weight, days to flowering, stem and head diameter had negative and oil content had positive effect through achene number on oil yield in Khoy. The results of this study revealed achene number per head as the main determinant of oil yield in sunflower, beside that stem and head diameter and plant height were also the next important determinants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]