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Grain products are in the main place in ensuring food safety. The paper focuses on trends in the development of grain production in Azerbaijan. The analysis of food security, which is included in the list of global problems, taking into account the difficulties caused by the economic crisis, internal and external factors in the modern period, is quite relevant at the national level. The assessment of the availability of grain and grain products, which form the basis of food security, is the main resource of our research. An assessment of the availability of grain shows that the volume of its production is not enough to meet our domestic needs. Comparative analysis of new data on grain production, use and quality in Azerbaijan and determination of the most pressing tasks for solving the grain problem in accordance with world experience is very important. To this end, the article comprehensively analyzed the current state of grain production by analyzing the theoretical and methodological foundations of the development of grain production, identified and characterized the factors affecting grain production. In terms of ensuring food safety, the level of self-sufficiency with grain products was assessed. As a result, we tried to determine the perspective directions of the development of grain production in order to obtain a general result and ensure food security by examining the main reasons that slow down the development of grain production. Research method. During the research-observation, comparison, statistical analysis, grouping, constructive calculation methods were used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since agruculture financing and lending are getting quite outstanding in the world, Azerbaijan is also taking serious steps towards it, as agricuture is one of the main branches of the state policy. Obviously, the development of agriculture has heavily tied with food security, environmental protection, eradicating extreme poverty, water purity, land consolidation etc. However, agriculture financinghas the potential to be resolved in Azerbaijan. Fortunately, government provides financial support to agriculture through investments and loans thatmay positively affect the financial sustainability of farmers and their competitiveness. The article analyzes the impact of public investment, renewal of fixed assets, credit allocations by banks for the development of agriculture by means of Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) modeling. Firstly, the stationary of series was checked, cointegration test was done based on ARDL-pounds testing and then, established models with diagnostic tests. As a result of analysis, a long-term cointegration was identified among agrarian GDP and investment, agrarian funds and agrarian credits. Also, a long-term cointegration was identified among gross agarian products and agrarian investment, agrarian funds as well as agrarian credits. Research reveals that investment on agriculture positively influences GDP, plant-growing and husbandry. However, the more credits are allocated for agriculture the less the outcomes for plant-growing and husbandry will decrease. The result is unexpected - actually, the unexpected result of credits to agriculture in Azerbaijan means uncertain influence on economic develeopment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper aims at analyzing the genetic diversity among 110 bread and 110 durum wheat accessions and local varieties using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Eight ISSR primers generated a total of 107 and 136 PCR fragments for durum and bread wheat genotypes, respectively. In average ISSR primers produced 17 bands for bread and 13.3 bands for durum wheat genotypes. The level of genetic diversity (GDI) was quite high for both wheat species and averaged 0.94 for durum and 0.91 for bread wheat accessions. Results of cluster analysis of hard and soft wheat enabled to allocate 11 and 12 main clusters, respectively and revealed the complex nature of the distribution of the studied varieties and botanical varieties. There was no particular relation between genetic structure of genotypes and their geographical distribution. The most remote genotypes identified as a result of cluster analysis can be recommended for use by breeders to produce genetically diverse populations with a maximum range of variation in the hybrid offspring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzed comparatively essence of agriculture sustainable issues, their economic, social and environment aspects, as well as some methods for measurement of the sustainability rate. The authors gave preference to the method that takes into account some current and target indicators. According to the methods there was carried out assessment of sustainability of the agriculture sector of Azerbaijan. The target indicators that were used for measurement have been taken from Strategic Road Map on agriculture of the Azerbaijan. Measurement of the sustainable rate of Azerbaijan agriculture sector confirms that economic and environment aspects of sustainability are weak. But the social aspect of the agriculture sustainability is in the medium level. Common level of agriculture sustainability of Azerbaijan is in the low. In the future increasing of the economic aspect of sustainability can decrease the environment aspect of sustainability. Low level of agriculture sustainability of Azerbaijan creates big welfare inequality between industry cities and agriculture regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the research is to invistigate the influance of relative changes of food prices to the consumer behavior of population, to study the peculiarities of the socio-economic aspects of food demand and their formation, assessment and prediction of the mutual relations between the capability of payment demand of population and consumer prices index (CPI). Research methodologies are: generalization, grouping, systems approach, statistical and econometric analysis. The results of the research are influence and its assessment of the relative changes of food prices to consumer behavior and food demand of population. Some research limitations appeared in shortage of information in deep and complete researching of consumption in catering and import of food product. Research originality and scientific novelty is: influence of the relative changes of food prices to consumer behavior and food demand of population was analyzed as a complex statistic and econometric. The salary of the state and income policy, social protection events were determined in regulation of their mutual relations. The significance of practice research is influence of producers of the relative changes of food prices to consumer behavior and food demand of population in stimulation domestic food producers and import replacing events, increase of social welfares of population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main role and significance of salary as stimulated factor in development of production of competitive and export oriented agricultural products and whole agrarian sector has been affirmed according to the strategic aim and goal of strategic road map about production and processing of agricultural products in Azerbaijan Republic in this article, comparative analysis of it has been conducted with other sectors of economics and factors, which have an effect on it, have been estimated. In this case after generalization, grouping, system approach, economic and econometric analysis, influence of gross output, intermediate consumption added value, labour cost, other production taxes, gross profit, consumption of main funds and net profit to average monthly nominal salary in separate sectors of economy has been valued and it has been identified dim connection level of salary with a lot of main macroeconomic indices. As a result it is noted the necessity to define average monthly nominal salary according to the role and share in real economy of each field for development of production of competitive and export oriented agricultural products and whole agrarian sector. Besides it, as competition factor-mutual relation of producer price indices of agricultural product with salary is agenda as well. The article covers dependence of producer price indices of agricultural product on salary, salary fund, net weight of salary pay in expenses spent on production of agricultural product, establishment of production account and profit in agricultural sector, dynamics of net weight of share of agricultural sector in economics, level of average monthly nominal salary on economic activity types, place of separate sectors of economics on macroeconomic indices in economic activity types, models of dependence of average monthly nominal salary on main macroeconomic indices annually in economics and average monthly nominal salary in economics have been made up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Production cost, interaction of price and labor factors in increase of competitiveness in agrarian sector of Azerbaijan has been studied in this article. There are theories that reflect role of economic development in this article. Taking into consideration that price and production cost is the main index in comparison competitiveness in agriculture in research; it has been applied to theoretical thoughts and research work about these categories. Among indices used in study of current situation and competitiveness in agriculture it is emphasized role of macroeconomics, economic and financial index. In analysis part it is introduced models that reflect dependent of selling price of agricultural product on prime cost and labor cost which is main factor in increase of agriculture of Azerbaijan and conducted analysis of complex (multiple regression) correlation-regression. Excluding some products, it is defined line dependent of selling price of many agricultural product on prime cost and labor cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]