Abstract: As a result of a recent alpha-taxonomic study of the genusMagnolia s. str. in Mexico and Central America, four new species and four new subspecies ofMagnolia sect.Theorhodon are proposed, includingM. iltisiana, M. panamensis, M. tamaulipana, M. sororum subsp.lutea, andM. pacifica, consisting of three subspecies:pacifica, pugana, andtarahumara. Additionally, a new combination,M. guatemalensis subsp.hondurensis, is made, and a new section,M. sect.Splendentes, is erected for the Caribbean species. The results have implications for understandingMagnolia biogeography, andM. tamaulipana has potential for horticulture in temperate zones. Keys to genera, sections, and species, and maps of species distributions are presented.Magnolia grandiflora L. andM. schiedeana Schltdl. are lectotypified.