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Phylogenetic analyses of the genus Oxyrhynchus and close relatives in the New World subtribe Phaseolinae have established that Vigna populnea is a species of Oxyrhynchus. Thus, a new combination is proposed. The genus Oxyrhynchus now includes O. populneus and two other neotropical species as well as one from the Papuasian region. The nomenclatural history of O. populneus is briefly presented and a comprehensive morphological description of the species is provided. A key to the four species of Oxyrhynchus is included.

Two new species of Xyridaceae, Xyris jolyi and X. coutensis, from Minas Gerais, Grazil, are distinguished from close relatives on the basis of morphological features including bracts, sepals, and leaves.

The pedately dividedElaphoglossum cardenasii and the two small genera,Peltapteris andMicrostaphyla, are found to have close relatives among the entire-bladed species ofElaphoglossum, supporting the view that all the dissected forms should be considered as species ofElaphoglossum. Necessary nomenclatural changes are made.

Miconia zanonii, which occurs in broad-leaved cloud forests at four localities in the Cordillera Central of the Dominican Republic, is described and illustrated. It is compared withM. krugii andM. samanensis, two probably close relatives withinMiconia sect.Chaenopleura.

Of the features reported to separate the subtribe Cryptoeentrinae from the Maxillariinae, only the presence of a spur is found to be consistent. The spur is believed to be homologous with the mentum ofMaxillaria, and this single difference is not considered an adequate basis for a subtribal distinction.Anthosiphon andSepalosaccus have been suggested as close relatives of Cryptocentrum, but neither is adequately known. It is suggested thatCryptocentrum is closely allied toTrigonidium and should be maintained as a member of the Maxillariinae.