1. Age-related grey matter volume correlates of response inhibition and shifting in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Author
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Se-Fong Hung, Grainne M. McAlonan, Shi-leung Kwong, Jaap Oosterlaan, Charlton Cheung, Vinci Cheung, Siew E. Chua, Chi-chiu Lee, T. P. Ho, Patrick W. L. Leung, John Suckling, Chun-pan Tang, Clinical Neuropsychology, and Other departments
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Central nervous system ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Grey matter ,Stop signal ,Audiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cerebellum ,Age related ,Reaction Time ,medicine ,Humans ,Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,Cerebrum ,Response inhibition ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Brain maturation ,Age Factors ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ,Case-Control Studies ,Psychology ,Neuroscience - Abstract
BackgroundChildren with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have difficulties with executive function and impulse control which may improve with age.AimsTo map the brain correlates of executive function in ADHD and determine age-related changes in reaction times and brain volumes.MethodAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and control groups were compared on the change task measures of response inhibition (stop signal reaction time, SSRT) and shifting (change response reaction time, CRRT). Voxel-wise magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) correlations of reaction times and grey matter volume were determined, along with bivariate correlations of reaction times, brain volumes and age.ResultsIndividuals in the ADHD group had longer SSRTs and CRRTs. Anterior cingulate, striatal and medial temporal volumes highly correlated with SSRT. Striatal and cerebellar volumes strongly correlated with CRRT. Older children had faster reaction times and larger regional brain volumes. In controls, orbitofrontal, medial temporal and cerebellar volumes correlated with CRRT but not SSRT. Neither reaction times nor regional brain volumes were strongly age-dependent.ConclusionsOur evidence supports delayed brain maturation in ADHD and implies that some features of ADHD improve with age.
- Published
- 2009