1. Baseline sLAG-3 levels in Caucasian and African-American breast cancer patients.
- Author
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Swede H, Ridwan SM, Strandberg J, Salner AL, Sporn JR, Kuo L, Ru K, and Smilowitz HM
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Antigens, CD blood, Biomarkers, Tumor blood, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cytokines blood, Prognosis, Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms blood, Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms pathology, Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms mortality, White, Black or African American, Breast Neoplasms blood, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Breast Neoplasms mortality, Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 Protein
- Abstract
Background: Worse survival persists for African-Americans (AA) with breast cancer compared to other race/ethnic groups despite recent improvements for all. Unstudied in outcomes disparities to date is soluble LAG-3 (sLAG-3), cleaved from the LAG-3 immune checkpoint receptor which is a proposed target for deactivation in emerging immunotherapies due to its prominent immunosuppressive function in the tumoral microenvironment. A prior study has found that lower sLAG-3 baseline level was associated with poor outcomes., Methods: In a cross-sectional study of 95 patients with primary breast cancer (n = 58 Caucasian, n = 37 AA), we measured sLAG-3 (ELISA pg/ml) in pre-treatment blood samples using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney u-Test for independent samples, and, calculated Pearson r correlation coefficients of sLAG-3 with circulating cytokines by race., Results: Mean sLAG-3 level was lower in AA compared to Caucasian patients (1377.6 vs 3690.3, P = .002), and in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) compared to those with non-TNBC malignancies (P = .02). When patients with TNBC tumors were excluded from analyses, the difference in sLAG-3 level between AA (n = 21) and Caucasian patients (n = 40) substantially remained (1937.4 vs 4182.4, P = .06). Among Caucasian patients, sLAG-3 was correlated with IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 (r = .69, P < .001; r = .70, P < .001; and, r = .46, P = .01; respectively). For AA patients, sLAG-3 was correlated only with IL-6 (r = .37, P = .03)., Conclusions: We present the first report that African-American breast cancer patients might have comparatively low pre-treatment sLAG-3 levels, independent of TNBC status, along with reduced co-expression with circulating cytokines. The mechanistic and prognostic role of cleaved LAG-3, particularly in disparate outcomes, remains to be elucidated., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2024
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