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Pyogenic Granuloma is considered a non-neoplastic proliferative process, with multifactorial causes, including the frequent use of some medications, such as phenytoin, the drug of first choice for the treatment of epilepsy, which has a prevalence of 50% in terms of the development of gingival hyperplasia. The lesion usually presents with a smooth or lobulated surface, and may be pedunculated or sessile, often painless, but easily bleeding. The size varies from a few millimeters to large lesions. The gingiva is the most affected site, but it can also be found on the tongue, hard palate, lip, and buccal mucosa, less frequently. The treatment of choice is excisional biopsy with a small safety margin, accompanied by prophylactic oral hygiene measures. The objective of this study is to report a case of pyogenic granuloma on the dorsum of the tongue, in a 47-year-old female patient, with epilepsy as a comorbidity, user of phenytoin, as well as to carry out a brief review of the literature on the induction of proliferative growths non-neoplastic disorders associated with the use of this medication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The residual cyst is an odontogenic cyst, of inflammatory origin and is usually originated by a root cyst that was formed apical or adjacent to an extracted tooth. The accomplished diagnosis is based by through anamnesis, physical examination and radiological examination, usually detected by routine orthopantomography, where the radiographic aspect is a radiolucent lesion, well circumscribed and well delimited, unilocular, in the form of a dome, surrounded by a sclerotic halo. The treatment of choice is enucleation. The histopathological aspect presents stratified squamous lining epithelium and a fibrous capsule, with the presence of few giant cells and hemosiderin pigmentation. Biopsy and histopathological examination are the main methods of accurate diagnosis, along with radiological correlation. Decompression, especially in bulky cysts, can be performed by marsupialization, being effective surgical methods for the treatment of residual cysts, which have a lower recurrence rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral squamous papilloma represents a benign neoplasm, associated with human papillomavirus infection. Clinically, this lesion can present painlessly, exophytic nodule, pedunculated or sessile, superficial projections with an aspect that resembles a "cauliflower". The objective is to report a case of oral squamous papilloma in a 69-year-old female patient. The lesion is diagnosed through a detailed anamnesis and detailed observation about clinical and histopathological aspects. The treatment of choice is surgical excision, to get complete lesion remission and excellent prognosis for the patient, jointly with the gynecological medical monitoring to maintain the patient's integral health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radicular cysts are the most common odontogenic cysts. Mainly because it is a pathology of common occurrence, silent and asymptomatic, the request for routine orthopantomographic examination allows the diagnosis in the incipient stage of the lesion, which minimizes the degree of operative trauma, which occurs when it is diagnosed late. This study aimed to report a case of radicular cyst in the mandible treated by total enucleation and filling the operating room with fibrin sponge, which allowed the primary closure of the lesion in a 51-year-old male patient, culminating in the injury healing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Odontoma is an odontogenic tumor composed of the tissues that form a tooth, but dispersed in an unorganized and amorphous shape. When evaluating the radiographic exam of the lesion in mixed phase, the professional must raise other diagnostic hypotheses that include more aggressive lesions. The present study aimed to report the case of a child, 9 years old, diagnosed with odontoma, in the mixed phase of calcification, as well as to discuss the possible injuries that could be included as a differential diagnosis. The radiographic examination showed a small radiolucent lesion, with radiopaque areas inside, between the roots of the anterior teeth 42 and 83, being well delimited by a radiopaque halo and oval shape. The main injuries included in the differential diagnosis of odontoma were supernumerary tooth, central lesion of giant cells, fibrous dysplasia of the jaws, ossifying fibroma, cemento-osseous dysplasia and myxoma. We get the final diagnosis through the anatomopathological examination of the part removed in the excisional biopsy of the lesion. We concluded that the deep knowledge of the clinical, radiographic characteristics and prognosis of the lesions in the differential diagnosis allowed the performance of a single surgical procedure, which resulted in less trauma to the patient and good bone repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Squamous papilloma is a slow-growing lesion, its etiology being associated with the human papilloma virus. They are mostly painless neoplastic lesions, being the most frequent papillary lesion of the oral cavity. The treatment for this type of injury is surgical with a small safety margin. The aim of the present study is to report a clinical case of recurrent squamous papilloma affecting the mucosa of the maxillary alveolar process in a 78-year-old female patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Odontogenic Keratocyst (OK) is an odontogenic diagnosis of development that mainly occurs in posterior region of the mandible. It's characterized for your aggressive behavior, infiltrative development and high relapse rates (5 to 62%). The OK was recently reallocated to the cyst category and the conservative treatment was highly defended. The present study reports a clinical case of a 25-year-old non-syndromic male patient, who was referred to HUGOL after a routine radiographic examination showing an image suggestive of an injury. Aspiration puncture and incisional biopsy of the cystic lesion were performed. Histopathologically, a cystic cavity covered by stratified parakeratinized squamous epithelium was observed, confirming the clinical suspicion of OQ. The proposed treatment was enucleation of the lesion, together with extraction of the 48. After 12 months of proservation, the patient evolved with a good healing aspect of the surgical wound and imaging control showing significant and satisfactory regression of the lesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sialolithiasis is an acute or chronic inflammation caused by calculus formation within the salivary gland and its duct. This study reports the surgical removal of a giant sialolith measuring 20 mm located in the duct of the right submandibular gland. The patient complained of an increase in volume in the buccal floor with one-year evolution and pain in the preprandial period. The intraoral examination confirmed the volume of firm consistency and palpation sensitive without alteration of color and temperature near the outlet of the wharton duct, and the occlusal radiograph of the mandible showed an elongated and cylindrical radiopaque image, suggesting that it was a sialolith. Under local anesthesia, a linear incision was made in the region of volume increase, calculus stabilization, tissue divulsion and calculus removal. The surgical site was irrigated and sutured maintaining the opening of the duct and the salivary flow drainage was normalized. Cases of giant sialoliths in the submandibular gland can be removed through a conservative surgical approach depending on their location, minimizing patient discomfort and preserving anatomical structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The case report describes an amalgam tattoo, a benign lesion in oral mucosa of iatrogenic nature but mimetic to other suspected pigmentary lesions. A 49 years-old white female patient, total edentulous for more than 15 years, had complaint of a lump in the mouth and too much disconfort in a lower alveolar ridge region when using a removable prosthesis. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed a smooth surfasse nodule, central purplish color, 10mm in diameter, fibrous consistency and presence of radiopaque metallic fragment. Surgical treatment of the lesion was performed by excisional biopsy. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnostic hypothesis of amalgam tattoo with intense fibrosis. This case contribute to the stomatological practice with the discussion of the histopathological findings of old lesions which are not usuallly biopsied in clinical routine, and the semiologic and surgical management of the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The case report approaches a common lesion in stomatological practice, in an uncommon anatomical site: pyogenic granuloma in the lower lip. Female patient, melanoderma, 35 years-old, in the seventh month of pregnancy, user of orthodontic appliance and with complaining of not aesthetic appearance of lower lip, exhibited a sessile, pinkish-whitish colored and painless, large nodule. As therapeutic conduct, immediate surgical removal of the lesion was performed. Histopathological examination of the excisional biopsy confirmed the pyogenic granuloma. Clinical follow-up of 6 weeks showed good local tissue repair, absence of recurrence and favorable prognosis. This case contributes to the discussion of synergism between local and systemic factors in the etiopathogeny of oral pyogenic granuloma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurofibroma is the most common type of peripheral nerve neoplasms in oral cavity, which might originate from a variable mixture of Schwann cells, hybrid cells perineural and intraneural, and fibroblasts. They may develop as solitary tumors or as component of the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1). They present as painless, softened, sessile or pedunculated and vary in size. The buccal mucosa and tongue are the most common sites, being infrequent in the palate region, mouth floor and rarely in gingiva. Although occasional, can also originate intraosseous. This study aims to report a case of a patient of 62-year-old, with a giant neurofibroma in gingiva region, between the teeth 25 and 26, measuring approximately 12.0 cm in greatest dimension without association with NF- 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation of orofacial clefts is one of the most common congenital defects in humans. Among the main slits are: labial, palatine, cleft lip with or without cleft, side face, an oblique face, the median of the upper lip, prior alveolar median cracks jaw and in some cases, it develops a slot submucous cleft. The objective of this study is to present a case report of a patient with this slot, considered relatively rare manifestation of developmental defects of the oral and maxillofacial region: a submucous cleft palate. The relevance of this case report is given the opportunity awareness of the dentist in the sense that the diagnosis of all changes affecting the maxillofacial complex is in their field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dermoid cysts are uncommon entities in the head and neck region, accounting for only 2% of the total cases. They occur frequently in young adults, during the second or third decades of life, presenting as slow-growing and asymptomatic lesions, which can reach large dimensions and cause relevant phonetic, respiratory, nutritional or aesthetic disturbings. It is an atypical lesion that presents with skin appendages as sebaceous glands, sweat glands and hair follicles on its walls, mimicking skin. Treatment consists of surgical enucleation of the lesion and recurrence is unusual. This article reports a case of a 24 years old patient with an extensive dermoid cyst in the submental region, discussing about clinical and imaging findings, differential diagnosis, as its treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]