1. Human thioredoxin 2 deficiency impairs mitochondrial redox homeostasis and causes early-onset neurodegeneration
- Author
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Tim M. Strom, Tobias B. Haack, Caterina Terrile, Felix Distelmaier, Ertan Mayatepek, Petra Wolf, Marcus Conrad, Katharina Danhauser, Eliška Holzerová, Irina Ingold, Marlen Melcher, Jörg Schaper, Holger Prokisch, Thomas Meitinger, Sho Kobayashi, José Pedro Friedmann Angeli, Fabian Baertling, and Laura S. Kremer
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Oxidative phosphorylation ,Mitochondrion ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Mitochondrial Proteins ,03 medical and health sciences ,Thioredoxins ,Atrophy ,Ros ,Idebenone ,Mitochondria ,Neurodegeneration ,Thioredoxin ,medicine ,Homeostasis ,Humans ,Child ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,TXN2 ,Reactive oxygen species ,Neurodegenerative Diseases ,medicine.disease ,Cell biology ,Oxidative Stress ,030104 developmental biology ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,Neurology (clinical) ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
Thioredoxin 2 (TXN2; also known as Trx2) is a small mitochondrial redox protein essential for the control of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species homeostasis, apoptosis regulation and cell viability. Exome sequencing in a 16-year-old adolescent suffering from an infantile-onset neurodegenerative disorder with severe cerebellar atrophy, epilepsy, dystonia, optic atrophy, and peripheral neuropathy, uncovered a homozygous stop mutation in TXN2. Analysis of patient-derived fibroblasts demonstrated absence of TXN2 protein, increased reactive oxygen species levels, impaired oxidative stress defence and oxidative phosphorylation dysfunction. Reconstitution of TXN2 expression restored all these parameters, indicating the causal role of TXN2 mutation in disease development. Supplementation with antioxidants effectively suppressed cellular reactive oxygen species production, improved cell viability and mitigated clinical symptoms during short-term follow-up. In conclusion, our report on a patient with TXN2 deficiency suggests an important role of reactive oxygen species homeostasis for human neuronal maintenance and energy metabolism.
- Published
- 2015
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