1. Host responses in the xylem of trees after inoculation with six wood-decay fungi differing in invasiveness
- Author
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Deflorio, Giuliana, Franz, Erwin, Fink, Siegfried, and Schwarze, Francis Willis Mathew Robert
- Subjects
Douglas fir -- Properties ,Wood-decaying fungi -- Research ,Biological sciences - Abstract
Host responses, i.e., formation of reaction and barrier zones, were studied in the xylem of Douglas-fir, beech, oak, and sycamore trees, after wounding and artificial inoculation with brown-, soft-, and white-rot fungi. The objective of this study was to determine whether strongly invasive wood-decay fungi trigger a higher magnitude of host response than weakly invasive fungi. Differences in active host response, observed microscopically, depended on wood anatomy. Restriction of discoloration and decay by reaction zones was primarily influenced by the content and distribution of parenchyma cells within the sapwood of each host. By contrast, barrier-zone anatomy showed similarities to the basic xylem structure of each host, except for some cell types that were either reduced in number or absent. Regardless of the decay fungus inoculated, individual trees of each host responded differently. With the exception of beech trees inoculated with the soft-rot fungus Kretzschmaria deusta (Hoffm.: Fr.) P. Martin and the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor (L.: Fries) Pilat, host response appeared to be nonspecific, as the degree of fungal invasiveness did not influence the magnitude of host response within the xylem of investigated trees. Key words: xylem, wood decay fungi, reaction zone, barrier zone, hardwood, softwood. Les auteurs ont etudie les reactions de l'hote, i.e. la formation de zones de barrage et de reaction, dans le xyleme de tiges le Douglas, de hetre, de chene et de sycomore apres blessures et inoculations artificielles avec des champignons de carie, brune, molle et blanche. L'etude visait a determiner si les champignons de carie tres envahissants declenchent une plus forte reaction de la part de l'hote que les champignons faiblement envahissants. L'observation microscopique montre que les reactions actives de l'hote dependent de l'anatomie du bois. Les restrictions de la decoloration et de la pourriture par les zones de reaction sont surtout influencees par le contenu et la distribution des cellules de parenchyme dans l'aubier de chaque hote. Au contraire, l'anatomie des zones de barrage montre des similitudes dans la structure de base du xyleme de chaque hote, sauf pour certains types de cellules qui sont soient reduits ou soient absents. Independamment du champignon de carie inocule, les individus de chaque hote reagissent differemment. Avec l'exception des hetres inocules avec le champignon de la pourriture molle, Kretzschmaria deusta (Hoffm.: Fr.) P. Martin et le champignon de la carie blanche Trametes versicolor (L.: Fries) Pilat, les reactions de l'hote ne semblent pas specifiques puisque le degre de capacite d'envahissement fongique n'a pas influence l'amplitude de la reaction de l'hote dans le xyleme des arbres observes. Mots-cles : xyleme, champignons de carie blanche, zone de reaction, zone de barrage, bois franc, bois mou. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Host responses in the xylem have been studied in several host species (Sharon 1973; Moore 1978; Mulhern et al. 1979; Bauch et al. 1980; Smith 1980; Tippett and Shigo [...]
- Published
- 2009