5 results on '"Blaszkowski, Janusz"'
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2. Dominikia lithuanica and Kamienskia divaricata: new species in the Glomeromycota
- Author
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Blaszkowski, Janusz, Chwat, Gerard, and Goralska, Anna
- Subjects
Fungi -- Discovery and exploration ,Biological sciences - Abstract
Abstract: New species in the genera Dominikia and Kamienskia (Glomeromycota) are characterized based on morphology and sequences of SSU-ITS-LSU nrDNA and the RPB1 gene. Both species produce glomoid spores only [...]
- Published
- 2016
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3. Dominikia duoreactiva sp. nov. and dominikia difficilevidera sp. nov., two new species in the glomeromycota
- Author
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Blaszkowski, Janusz, Chwat, Gerard, Symanczik, Sarah, and Goralska, Anna
- Subjects
Discovery and exploration ,Biological sciences - Abstract
Two new species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of the recently erected genus Dominikia (Glomeromycota) are described based on their morphology and phylogenetic analyses of SSU-ITS-LSU sequences. The distinctive morphological characters of the first species, Dominikia duoreactiva sp. nov., is the formation of loose clusters with yellow-coloured, 30-70 µm diameter spores having a three-layered spore wall, of which layers 1 and 3 stain in Melzer's reagent. The second species, Dominikia difficilevidera sp. nov., is distinguished by its hyaline, 31-45 µm diameter spores, which arise mainly singly and have a three-layered spore wall, of which layer 1 is thicker than the structural laminate layer 2, and layer 3 is flexible to semi-flexible. Both species were originally associated with maritime dune plants; D. duoreactiva comes from the Giftun Island, Egypt, Africa, and D. difficilevidera from the Slowibski National Park, Poland. Based on available data, we suggest D. duoreactiva occurs rarely in the world, and D. difficilevidera has a worldwide distribution, but it either occurs infrequently or has been overlooked or lost during spore extraction from soils of many sites because of its extremely small and hyaline spores. A method allowing the extraction of even the smallest spores of AMF, but observable under a dissecting microscope, is described. Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, molecular phylogeny, mycorrhiza, spore extraction method. Resume : Deux nouvelles especes de champignons mycorhiziens arbusculaires (CMA) d'un genre recemment etabli, Dominikia (Glomeromycota), sont decrites sur la base de leur morphologie et des analyses phylogenetiques des sequences SSU-ITS-LSU (petite sous-unite-espaceur interne transcrit-grande sous-unite). Le caractere morphologique distinctif de la premiere espece, Dominikia duoreactiva sp. nov., consiste en la formation de grappes laches de spores de 30-70 µm de diametre de couleur jaune, possedant une paroi a trois couches, dont les couches 1 et 3 sont colorees par le reactif de Melzer. La deuxieme espece, Dominikia difficilevidera sp. nov., se distingue par ses spores hyalines de 31-45 µm de diametre, qui apparaissent principalement seules et qui possedent une paroi a trois couches, dont la premiere est plus epaisse que la deuxieme couche structurale stratifiee, et la troisieme couche est flexible ou semi-flexible. Les deux especes ont ete associees a l'origine a des vegetaux maritimes dunaires; D. duoreactiva provient de l'ile de Giftun, en Egypte (Afrique), et D. difficilevidera provient du parc provincial Slowiuski, en Pologne. En fonction des donnees disponibles, les auteurs suggerent que D. duoreactiva est une espece rare mondialement, alors que D. difficilevidera est une espece plus largement distribuee, mais qui n'apparait pas frequemment ou qui a ete ecartee ou perdue lors de l'extraction de spores de sols a partir de plusieurs sites, car ces spores sont tres petites et hyalines. Les auteurs decrivent une methode permettant d'extraire les spores des CMA les plus petites mais observables sous un microscope a dissection. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : champignons mycorhiziens arbusculaires, phylogenie moleculaire, mycorhize, methode d'extraction des spores., Introduction Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of the phylum Glomeromycota form a symbiotic association with 70%-90% of vascular land plants (Smith and Read 2008; Brundrett 2009). In the recent revision of [...]
- Published
- 2015
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4. Glomus indicum, a new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus
- Author
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Blaszkowski, Janusz, Wubet, Tesfaye, Harikumar, Variampally Sankar, Ryszka, Przemyslaw, and Buscot, Francois
- Subjects
Phylogeny (Botany) -- Research ,Mycorrhizas -- Identification and classification -- Research - Abstract
A new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species of the genus Glomus, Glomus indicum (Glomeromycota), forming small, hyaline spores in hypogeous aggregates is described and illustrated. The spores are globose to subglobose, (17-)32(-52) µm in diameter, rarely egg-shaped, oblong to irregular, 17-38 µm x 19-13 µm. The single spore wall of G. indicum consists of two hyaline layers: a mucilaginous, short-lived, thin outer layer staining pinkish to pink in Melzer's reagent and a laminate, smooth, permanent, thicker inner layer. Glomus indicum was found in the rhizosphere of Euphorbia heterophylla L. naturally growing in coastal sands of Alappuzha in Kerala State of South India and Lactuca sativa L. cultivated in Asmara, Eritrea, North East Africa. In single-species cultures with Plantago lanceolata L. as the host plant, G. indicum formed vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza. Molecular analysis of the phylogenetic position of G. indicum based on both SSU and ITS rDNA sequences showed the fungus to be a new species with its own cluster. Besides the sites where the spores were observed, sequence types belonging to the G. indicum cluster were documented from environmental samples mainly in the USA, Estonia, and Australia, suggesting the wide occurrence of the species. A key to all known species of the Glomeromycota producing hyaline to light-coloured glomoid spores is provided. Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Glomeromycota, molecular phylogeny, mycorrhizae, new species. Les auteurs decrivent une nouvelle espece de champignon mycorhizien arbusculaire du genre Glomus le Glomus indicum (Glomeromycota): il forme de petites spores hyalines en agregats hypoges. Ces spores sont globulaires a sub-globulaires, de (17-)32(-52) µm en diametre, rarement oviformes, oblongues a irregulieres, 17-38 µm x 19-13 µm. La seule paroi cellulaire du G. indicum comporte deux couches hyalines, soit une mince couche externe mucilagineuse a courte vie se colorant en rosatre ou rose dans le reactif de Meltzer, et une couche laminee, lisse, permanente et plus epaisse. Les auteurs ont trouve le Glomus indicum dans la rhizosphere de l Euphorbia heterophylla L. venant naturellement sur les sables cotiers d'Alappuzha dans l'etat de Kerala du sud de l'Inde, et du Lactuca sativa cultive a Asmara en Erytree, dans le nord-est de l'Afrique. En cultures monospecifiques sur Plantago lanceolata L. comme plante hote, le G. indicum forme des mycorhizes a arbuscules et vesicules. L'analyse moleculaire de la position phylogenetique du G. indicum basee les sequences SSU ainsi que l'ITS du rADN montre que ce champignon constitue une nouvelle espece avec son propre regroupement. En plus des sites oil les spores ont ete observees, des types de sequences appartenant au regroupement G. indicum ont ete retrouves a partir d'echantillons environnementaux provenant des Etats-Unis, de l'Estonie et de l'Australie, ce qui suggere une large distribution pour cette espece. Les auteurs presentent une cle pour toutes les especes de Glomeromycota produisant des spores glomoides hyalines, a faible coloration. Mots-cles: champignon mycorhizien arbusculaire, Glomeromycota, phylogenie moleculaire, mycorhizes, nouvelle espece. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of the phylum Glomeromycota (Schuszler et al. 2001) commonly occur in different soils of all continents and are considered to associate with at least 80% [...]
- Published
- 2010
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5. Glomus achrum and G. bistratum, two new species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota) found in maritime sand dunes
- Author
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Blaszkowski, Janusz, Ryszka, Przemyslaw, Oehl, Fritz, Koegel, Sally, Wiemken, Andres, Kovacs, Gabor M., and Redecker, Dirk
- Subjects
Company distribution practices ,Mycorrhizas -- Environmental aspects -- Distribution -- Physiological aspects -- Research ,Sand dune ecology -- Research -- Physiological aspects -- Environmental aspects - Abstract
Two new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species, Glomus achrum sp. nov. and Glomus bistratum sp. nov. (Glomeromycota), are described and illustrated. Both species produce small, hyaline spores in aggregates formed in the soil and inside roots. Glomus achrum was associated with roots of Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link colonizing maritime dunes of the Vistula Bar in northern Poland, and G. bistratum occurred among vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza of Xanthium cf. spinosum growing in dunes of the Mediterranean Sea adjacent to Veriko, Greece. Spores of G. achrum are globose to subglobose, (25-)43(-55) µm in diameter, rarely egg-shaped, oblong to irregular, 15-45 µm x 55-65 µm. Their wall consists of three hyaline layers: a mucilaginous, short-lived outermost layer; a laminate middle layer composed of loose sublayers; and a flexible innermost layer. The outermost and the innermost layers stain deeply red in Melzer's reagent. Spores of G. bistratum are globose to subglobose, (20-)29(-50) µm in diameter, and have a wall composed of two permanent, hyaline layers. The outer layer is unit, smooth, and the inner one laminate. Only the inner layer stains yellow in Melzer's reagent. Both species formed vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza in single- species cultures with Plantago lanceolata L. as the host plant. Phylogenetic analyses of partial 18S rDNA subunit and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequences placed G. achrum and G. bistratum into Glomus group A, but did not reveal any closely related described species. Environmental sequences from the public databases suggested that G. achrum occurred in at least two other plant species from geographically distant regions. No such evidence could be obtained for G. bistratum, which is currently known only from the type location. Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Glomeromycota, molecular phylogeny, new species, Glomus, sand dunes. Les auteurs decrivent et illustrent deux nouvelles especes de champignons du genre Glomus, les G. achrum et G. bistratum. Les deux especes forment de petites spores hyalines en agregats, dans le sol et dans les racines. On a retrouve le G. achrum asocie aux racines de 1'Ammophila arenaria colonisant des dunes maritimes de Vistula Bar dans le nord de la Pologne et le G. bistratum des mycorhizes a vesicules et arbuscules de Xanthium cf. spinosum poussant sur des dunes de la mer Mediterranee adjacentes a Veriko, en Grece. Les spores du G. achrum globulaires a subglobulaires mesurent (25-)43(-55) µm en diametre, sont rarement ovoides, oblongues a irregulieres, 15-45 µm x 55-65 gym. Leurs parois component trois couches hyalines; Tune mucilagineuse, Tune exterieure a course duree de vie suivie dune couche mediane laminee composee de sous-couches laches, et une paroi interne flexible. Les parois les plus internes et externes deviennent rouge fonce avec le reactif de Meltzer. Les spores du G. bistratum, de forme globulaire a subglobulaires, mesurent (20-)29(-50) µm en diametre et possedent une paroi composee de deux couches permanentes hyalines. La paroi externe lisse compone une seine unite et la paroi interne est laminee. Seine la paroi interne devient jaune avec le reactif de Meltzer. Les deux especes forment des mycorhizes a vesicules et arbuscules lorsqu'inoculees individuellement sur la plante hote Plantago lanceolata. Les analyses phylogenetiques des sequences panielles de la sous-unite 18S rADN et de l'espaceur interne transcrit (ITS) placent le G. achrum et le G. bistratum dans le groupe Glomus A, sans montrer d'etroite relation avec des especes deja decrites. Les sequences environnementales de bases de donnees publiques suggerent que le G. achrum se retrouve chez au moms deux autres especes de plantes de regions geographiques distantes. On ne retrouve aucune information similaire pour le G. bistratum qui nest connu que de la localite d'origine du specimen type. Mots-cles : champignons a arbuscules et vesicules, Glomeromycota, phylogenie moleculaire, nouvelles especes, Glomus, dunes. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are considered to occur commonly in the world and associate with at least 80% of vascular land plants (Smith and Read 1997). Habitats especially favoring these [...]
- Published
- 2009
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