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Summary:The purpose of this study was to develop a breast cancer model in rats, in which myeloablative chemotherapy and syngeneic bone marrow transplantation (SBMT) could be evaluated systematically for therapeutic effect. The Wistar-Furth (WF) DMBA-4 breast cancer cell line transplanted into naive WF rats produced rapidly growing tumors that were lethal within 2 months. SBMT was performed following preparation with a regimen (Bu-Cy), consisting of busulfan 16?mg/kg by gastric gavage on days -3 and -2 followed by 250?mg/kg of cyclophosphamide i.p on day -1. Marrow was prepared from the femurs of donors and infused i.v. into the recipient on day 0. In all, 15 rats treated with Bu-Cy without marrow died, while 22 of 25 transplanted rats survived. In total, 16 rats with measurable tumors showed tumor responses following transplantation, but tumors recurred and survival was minimally prolonged. Of nine rats transplanted before clinical tumors were detected, five became long-term survivors that resisted further tumor challenge. It was concluded that the DMBA-4 breast cancer in WF rats could serve to evaluate SBMT following myeloablative doses of chemotherapy at various tumor loads. At large tumor loads therapy was not curative, but at low tumor burdens cures were possible and resistance to subsequent tumor challenge was demonstrated. The model may be useful for further studies of stem cell infusion in rodent tumor systems.Bone Marrow Transplantation (2003) 31, 1037-1041. doi:10.1038/sj.bmt.1703919 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]