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Start Over Journal boletin de la sociedad argentina de botanica
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1. CARACTERIZACIÓN DE FIBRAS VEGETALES EN PAPELES USADOS EN RESTAURACIÓN: ABACÁ Y PAPEL JAPÓN.

Author

Alcaraz, Élida, Nitiu, Daniela, and Mallo, Andrea

Subjects
*PLANT species, *REFERENCE sources, *CHEMICAL properties, *BANANAS, *COINCIDENCE, *FIBERS
Abstract

Background and aims: The excellent physical and chemical properties of Abacá and Japan papers make them one of the most used materials in restoration of cultural assets on paper. The objective of this work is to characterize the fibers that compose them and identify plant genera or species that were used in their manufacture. M&M: Fibers from samples of each paper and previously collected reference plant material were disintegrated. The diagnostic characters of the fibers were observed with a photomicroscope and photomicrographs were taken. Subsequently, the homologous characters were compared by relating the Abacá paper fiber samples with those of Musa sp. and the Japan paper samples with Broussonetia sp. and Euonymus sp. Results: There were coincidences between the diagnostic characters of the paper fibers of Abacá and Musa sp. Regarding the Japan paper samples, there were results consistent with Broussonetia sp. but not with Euonymus sp. Conclusions: According to the results observed between the Abacá paper fibers and the samples of the collected living material, we infer that the Abacá paper contains fibers of Musa sp. In the Japan paper samples, the similarities observed between the diagnostic characters of the fibers with respect to the reference plant samples indicate the presence of Broussonetia sp. fibers. There is no evidence of fibers of Euonymus sp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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2. Pigments synthesized by dark fungi and their impact on the deterioration of documentary heritage on paper

Author

Daniela Silvana Nitiu, Andrea Cecilia Mallo, and Mario Carlos Nazareno Saparrat

Subjects
paper, conservation, conservación, melanins, Plant Science, biodeterioro, Ciencias Naturales, hongos negros, biodeterioration, melaninas, black fungi, Papel, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Introducción y objetivos: Los documentos en papel custodiados en bibliotecas pueden mostrar signos de deterioro causados por la actividad de diferentes hongos. Los principales colorantes fúngico que deterioran estéticamente este sustrato y afectan al patrimonio cultural en soporte celulósico constituyen los pigmentos oscuros o melaninas. El objetivo del presente trabajo es brindar un panorama actualizado del estado de arte de los hongos negros que colonizan papel y las melaninas que sintetizan. M&M: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica sobre los pigmentos oscuros que sintetizan diferentes hongos negros que deterioran papel. Se analizaron 74 trabajos especializados en el tema. Resultados: El conocimiento sobre la diversidad y las características de los pigmentos oscuros que son sintetizados por los hongos negros que deterioran papel es clave para desarrollar estrategias de prevención y remediación para eliminar estos pigmentos de soportes celulósicos con valor patrimonial. Este trabajo presenta información sobre: hongos negros que deterioran papel, tipos de melaninas que pueden sintetizar, estructuras donde se acumulan, y su contribución en el deterioro estético. Conclusiones: Este conocimiento sirve de base para desarrollar nuevas estrategias de restauración que pudieran ser efectivas y sustentables y que aseguren la conservación preventiva de documentos históricos y obras de arte en papel., Background and aims: Paper documents stored in libraries may show signs of deterioration caused by the activity of different fungi. The main fungal dyes that aesthetically deteriorate this substrate and affect the cultural heritage on cellulosic support are dark pigments or melanins. The aim of this work is to provide an updated overview of the state of the art of black fungi that colonize paper and the melanins that they synthesize. M&M: A bibliographic search was carried out on the dark pigments that synthesize different black fungi that deteriorate paper. 74 specialized papers on the subject were analyzed. Results: Knowledge about the diversity and characteristics of the dark pigments that are synthesized by the black fungi that deteriorate paper is key to developing prevention and remediation strategies to eliminate these pigments from cellulosic supports with heritage value. This work presents information on: black fungi that deteriorate paper, types of melanins that can be synthesized, structures where they accumulate, and their contribution to aesthetic deterioration. Conclusions: This knowledge serves as the basis for developing new restoration strategies that could be effective and sustainable and that ensure the preventive conservation of historical documents and works of art on paper., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Instituto de Botánica "Dr. Carlos Spegazzini", Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal

Published
2022
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