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The carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents of the soil, when associated through the C:N ratio, make it possible to obtain indices that reveal the quality of soil organic matter (OM), as well as the decomposition efficiency, conversion efficiency of carbon and organic nitrogen into their mineral forms, and the dynamics of these nutrients in the soil. According to the literature, the C:N ratio can be between 30 - 100 in native forest areas and 20 - 30 in cultivated areas. The objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship between soil carbon and nitrogen in integrated systems, monoculture pasture, and native Cerrado forest. Undeformed soil samples were collected once at a site located in the municipality of Barbacena, MG, at depths 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm in four distinct areas, designated as treatment 1: pasture monoculture (MP) of Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk with 27 years of plantation; treatment 2: grass-legume combination (GLC), composed of Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk and Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo with 25 years of plantation; treatment 3: silvopastoral system (SSP), composed of Eucalyptus urophylla planted 13 years ago in an area where Urochloa decumbens cv. Basiliskwas was already established for 14 years; and treatment 4: native forest (NF) of the Cerrado biome with 37 years of regeneration. The quantification of total organic C was performed according to the method proposed by Yeomans and Bremmer (1988); and the determination of total N was performed as proposed by Bremner and Mulvaney (1982) and adapted by Mendonça and Matos (2005). The experimental design completely randomized, with five replications in each treatment. The data were submitted to statistical analysis using the Kruskall-Wallis test and Dunn's test. The NF system showed the highest C:N ratio at all evaluated depths (32.3 – 40.6), being statistically similar to MP (30 – 37) and SSP (25.5 – 28.5). The CGL system did not show statistical similarity with MP and FN, but it was equal to SSP (p

Integrated production systems can stimulate the growth and reproduction of soil microbiota responsible for nutrient cycling. The use of quality indicators such as soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) can help formulate strategies that preserve organic matter and enable more sustainable production systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil microbial biomass carbon in integrated production systems, a monoculture system of pasture, and native Cerrado forest. Undeformed soil samples were collected at a site located in the municipality of Barbacena, MG, at depths 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm in four distinct areas, formed by treatment 1: monoculture to pasture (MP) of Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk; treatment 2: combination of legumes and grasses (CLG) composed of Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk and Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo, with a history of conventional cultivation; treatment 3: silvopastoral system (SSP), composed of Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk and Eucalyptus urophylla; and treatment 4: native forest (NF) of the Cerrado biome, with 37 years of regeneration. To determine the carbon in the biomass, the fumigation-extraction method proposed by Vance et al. (1987) was applied, with fumigation and the addition of chloroform (without alcohol) in the sample, as suggested by Brookes et al. (1982) and Witt et al. (2000). The experimental design was completely randomized, with five replications in each treatment. The data obtained were submitted to statistical analysis using the Kruskall-Wallis test and Dunn's test. The microbial biomass carbon reached the lowest level in CLG and highest in FN, with statistical differences in the deeper layers and no statistical difference just in the surface layer (0-5cm). MP and SSP treatments did not differ from FN. In the CLG system, the results found corresponded to 153.1, 152.9, 132.6, 91.3 in layers 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-30 respectively, while in the FN system, the values were 295. 7, 265.5, 235 and 235 in the corresponding layers. The CLG system contained on average 49% less carbon in the microbial biomass compared to NF, while the silvopastoral system averaged 8%, and the pasture monoculture had a 12% difference. The higher carbon content of the microbial biomass in the areas of native vegetation, silvopastoral system and monoculture pasture may be a reflection of the continuous supply of organic materials from the litter and rhizosphere, associated with the absence of soil disturbance, constituting a favorable factor for survival and growth of different groups of microorganisms; while the low SMBC in CLG can be explained by the rapid decomposition of organic matter, which has low C:N ratio, and also can be associated with lower litter deposition, limiting microbial activity. Since there was no difference in CBMS between treatments in the 0-5 cm layer, where there is a greater predominance of Arachis pintoi roots, we infer that the fibrous root component present in SSP, MP and NF substantially contributed to the growth of microbial biomass in the subsurface soil layers, providing these systems with better nutrient cycling.

The carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents of the soil, when associated through the C:N ratio, make it possible to obtain indices that reveal the quality of soil organic matter (OM), as well as the decomposition efficiency, conversion efficiency of carbon and organic nitrogen into their mineral forms, and the dynamics of these nutrients in the soil. According to the literature, the C:N ratio can be between 30 - 100 in native forest areas and 20 - 30 in cultivated areas. The objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship between soil carbon and nitrogen in integrated systems, monoculture pasture, and native Cerrado forest. Undeformed soil samples were collected once at a site located in the municipality of Barbacena, MG, at depths 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm in four distinct areas, designated as treatment 1: pasture monoculture (MP) of Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk with 27 years of plantation; treatment 2: grass-legume combination (GLC), composed of Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk and Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo with 25 years of plantation; treatment 3: silvopastoral system (SSP), composed of Eucalyptus urophylla planted 13 years ago in an area where Urochloa decumbens cv. Basiliskwas was already established for 14 years; and treatment 4: native forest (NF) of the Cerrado biome with 37 years of regeneration. The quantification of total organic C was performed according to the method proposed by Yeomans and Bremmer (1988); and the determination of total N was performed as proposed by Bremner and Mulvaney (1982) and adapted by Mendonça and Matos (2005). The experimental design completely randomized, with five replications in each treatment. The data were submitted to statistical analysis using the Kruskall-Wallis test and Dunn's test. The NF system showed the highest C:N ratio at all evaluated depths (32.3 €“ 40.6), being statistically similar to MP (30 €“ 37) and SSP (25.5 €“ 28.5). The CGL system did not show statistical similarity with MP and FN, but it was equal to SSP (p

Integrated production systems can stimulate the growth and reproduction of soil microbiota responsible for nutrient cycling. The use of quality indicators such as soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) can help formulate strategies that preserve organic matter and enable more sustainable production systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil microbial biomass carbon in integrated production systems, a monoculture system of pasture, and native Cerrado forest. Undeformed soil samples were collected at a site located in the municipality of Barbacena, MG, at depths 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm in four distinct areas, formed by treatment 1: monoculture to pasture (MP) of Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk; treatment 2: combination of legumes and grasses (CLG) composed of Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk and Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo, with a history of conventional cultivation; treatment 3: silvopastoral system (SSP), composed of Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk and Eucalyptus urophylla; and treatment 4: native forest (NF) of the Cerrado biome, with 37 years of regeneration. To determine the carbon in the biomass, the fumigation-extraction method proposed by Vance et al. (1987) was applied, with fumigation and the addition of chloroform (without alcohol) in the sample, as suggested by Brookes et al. (1982) and Witt et al. (2000). The experimental design was completely randomized, with five replications in each treatment. The data obtained were submitted to statistical analysis using the Kruskall-Wallis test and Dunn's test. The microbial biomass carbon reached the lowest level in CLG and highest in FN, with statistical differences in the deeper layers and no statistical difference just in the surface layer (0-5cm). MP and SSP treatments did not differ from FN. In the CLG system, the results found corresponded to 153.1, 152.9, 132.6, 91.3 in layers 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-30 respectively, while in the FN system, the values were 295. 7, 265.5, 235 and 235 in the corresponding layers. The CLG system contained on average 49% less carbon in the microbial biomass compared to NF, while the silvopastoral system averaged 8%, and the pasture monoculture had a 12% difference. The higher carbon content of the microbial biomass in the areas of native vegetation, silvopastoral system and monoculture pasture may be a reflection of the continuous supply of organic materials from the litter and rhizosphere, associated with the absence of soil disturbance, constituting a favorable factor for survival and growth of different groups of microorganisms; while the low SMBC in CLG can be explained by the rapid decomposition of organic matter, which has low C:N ratio, and also can be associated with lower litter deposition, limiting microbial activity. Since there was no difference in CBMS between treatments in the 0-5 cm layer, where there is a greater predominance of Arachis pintoi roots, we infer that the fibrous root component present in SSP, MP and NF substantially contributed to the growth of microbial biomass in the subsurface soil layers, providing these systems with better nutrient cycling.

The carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents of the soil, when associated through the C:N ratio, make it possible to obtain indices that reveal the quality of soil organic matter (OM), as well as the decomposition efficiency, conversion efficiency of carbon and organic nitrogen into their mineral forms, and the dynamics of these nutrients in the soil. According to the literature, the C:N ratio can be between 30 - 100 in native forest areas and 20 - 30 in cultivated areas. The objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship between soil carbon and nitrogen in integrated systems, monoculture pasture, and native Cerrado forest. Undeformed soil samples were collected once at a site located in the municipality of Barbacena, MG, at depths 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm in four distinct areas, designated as treatment 1: pasture monoculture (MP) of Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk with 27 years of plantation; treatment 2: grass-legume combination (GLC), composed of Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk and Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo with 25 years of plantation; treatment 3: silvopastoral system (SSP), composed of Eucalyptus urophylla planted 13 years ago in an area where Urochloa decumbens cv. Basiliskwas was already established for 14 years; and treatment 4: native forest (NF) of the Cerrado biome with 37 years of regeneration. The quantification of total organic C was performed according to the method proposed by Yeomans and Bremmer (1988); and the determination of total N was performed as proposed by Bremner and Mulvaney (1982) and adapted by Mendonça and Matos (2005). The experimental design completely randomized, with five replications in each treatment. The data were submitted to statistical analysis using the Kruskall-Wallis test and Dunn's test. The NF system showed the highest C:N ratio at all evaluated depths (32.3 – 40.6), being statistically similar to MP (30 – 37) and SSP (25.5 – 28.5). The CGL system did not show statistical similarity with MP and FN, but it was equal to SSP (p

Integrated production systems can stimulate the growth and reproduction of soil microbiota responsible for nutrient cycling. The use of quality indicators such as soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) can help formulate strategies that preserve organic matter and enable more sustainable production systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil microbial biomass carbon in integrated production systems, a monoculture system of pasture, and native Cerrado forest. Undeformed soil samples were collected at a site located in the municipality of Barbacena, MG, at depths 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm in four distinct areas, formed by treatment 1: monoculture to pasture (MP) of Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk; treatment 2: combination of legumes and grasses (CLG) composed of Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk and Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo, with a history of conventional cultivation; treatment 3: silvopastoral system (SSP), composed of Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk and Eucalyptus urophylla; and treatment 4: native forest (NF) of the Cerrado biome, with 37 years of regeneration. To determine the carbon in the biomass, the fumigation-extraction method proposed by Vance et al. (1987) was applied, with fumigation and the addition of chloroform (without alcohol) in the sample, as suggested by Brookes et al. (1982) and Witt et al. (2000). The experimental design was completely randomized, with five replications in each treatment. The data obtained were submitted to statistical analysis using the Kruskall-Wallis test and Dunn's test. The microbial biomass carbon reached the lowest level in CLG and highest in FN, with statistical differences in the deeper layers and no statistical difference just in the surface layer (0-5cm). MP and SSP treatments did not differ from FN. In the CLG system, the results found corresponded to 153.1, 152.9, 132.6, 91.3 in layers 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-30 respectively, while in the FN system, the values were 295. 7, 265.5, 235 and 235 in the corresponding layers. The CLG system contained on average 49% less carbon in the microbial biomass compared to NF, while the silvopastoral system averaged 8%, and the pasture monoculture had a 12% difference. The higher carbon content of the microbial biomass in the areas of native vegetation, silvopastoral system and monoculture pasture may be a reflection of the continuous supply of organic materials from the litter and rhizosphere, associated with the absence of soil disturbance, constituting a favorable factor for survival and growth of different groups of microorganisms; while the low SMBC in CLG can be explained by the rapid decomposition of organic matter, which has low C:N ratio, and also can be associated with lower litter deposition, limiting microbial activity. Since there was no difference in CBMS between treatments in the 0-5 cm layer, where there is a greater predominance of Arachis pintoi roots, we infer that the fibrous root component present in SSP, MP and NF substantially contributed to the growth of microbial biomass in the subsurface soil layers, providing these systems with better nutrient cycling.

The carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents of the soil, when associated through the C:N ratio, make it possible to obtain indices that reveal the quality of soil organic matter (OM), as well as the decomposition efficiency, conversion efficiency of carbon and organic nitrogen into their mineral forms, and the dynamics of these nutrients in the soil. According to the literature, the C:N ratio can be between 30 - 100 in native forest areas and 20 - 30 in cultivated areas. The objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship between soil carbon and nitrogen in integrated systems, monoculture pasture, and native Cerrado forest. Undeformed soil samples were collected once at a site located in the municipality of Barbacena, MG, at depths 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm in four distinct areas, designated as treatment 1: pasture monoculture (MP) of Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk with 27 years of plantation; treatment 2: grass-legume combination (GLC), composed of Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk and Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo with 25 years of plantation; treatment 3: silvopastoral system (SSP), composed of Eucalyptus urophylla planted 13 years ago in an area where Urochloa decumbens cv. Basiliskwas was already established for 14 years; and treatment 4: native forest (NF) of the Cerrado biome with 37 years of regeneration. The quantification of total organic C was performed according to the method proposed by Yeomans and Bremmer (1988); and the determination of total N was performed as proposed by Bremner and Mulvaney (1982) and adapted by Mendonça and Matos (2005). The experimental design completely randomized, with five replications in each treatment. The data were submitted to statistical analysis using the Kruskall-Wallis test and Dunn's test. The NF system showed the highest C:N ratio at all evaluated depths (32.3 €“ 40.6), being statistically similar to MP (30 €“ 37) and SSP (25.5 €“ 28.5). The CGL system did not show statistical similarity with MP and FN, but it was equal to SSP (p

Integrated production systems can stimulate the growth and reproduction of soil microbiota responsible for nutrient cycling. The use of quality indicators such as soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) can help formulate strategies that preserve organic matter and enable more sustainable production systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil microbial biomass carbon in integrated production systems, a monoculture system of pasture, and native Cerrado forest. Undeformed soil samples were collected at a site located in the municipality of Barbacena, MG, at depths 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm in four distinct areas, formed by treatment 1: monoculture to pasture (MP) of Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk; treatment 2: combination of legumes and grasses (CLG) composed of Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk and Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo, with a history of conventional cultivation; treatment 3: silvopastoral system (SSP), composed of Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk and Eucalyptus urophylla; and treatment 4: native forest (NF) of the Cerrado biome, with 37 years of regeneration. To determine the carbon in the biomass, the fumigation-extraction method proposed by Vance et al. (1987) was applied, with fumigation and the addition of chloroform (without alcohol) in the sample, as suggested by Brookes et al. (1982) and Witt et al. (2000). The experimental design was completely randomized, with five replications in each treatment. The data obtained were submitted to statistical analysis using the Kruskall-Wallis test and Dunn's test. The microbial biomass carbon reached the lowest level in CLG and highest in FN, with statistical differences in the deeper layers and no statistical difference just in the surface layer (0-5cm). MP and SSP treatments did not differ from FN. In the CLG system, the results found corresponded to 153.1, 152.9, 132.6, 91.3 in layers 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-30 respectively, while in the FN system, the values were 295. 7, 265.5, 235 and 235 in the corresponding layers. The CLG system contained on average 49% less carbon in the microbial biomass compared to NF, while the silvopastoral system averaged 8%, and the pasture monoculture had a 12% difference. The higher carbon content of the microbial biomass in the areas of native vegetation, silvopastoral system and monoculture pasture may be a reflection of the continuous supply of organic materials from the litter and rhizosphere, associated with the absence of soil disturbance, constituting a favorable factor for survival and growth of different groups of microorganisms; while the low SMBC in CLG can be explained by the rapid decomposition of organic matter, which has low C:N ratio, and also can be associated with lower litter deposition, limiting microbial activity. Since there was no difference in CBMS between treatments in the 0-5 cm layer, where there is a greater predominance of Arachis pintoi roots, we infer that the fibrous root component present in SSP, MP and NF substantially contributed to the growth of microbial biomass in the subsurface soil layers, providing these systems with better nutrient cycling.

The carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents of the soil, when associated through the C:N ratio, make it possible to obtain indices that reveal the quality of soil organic matter (OM), as well as the decomposition efficiency, conversion efficiency of carbon and organic nitrogen into their mineral forms, and the dynamics of these nutrients in the soil. According to the literature, the C:N ratio can be between 30 - 100 in native forest areas and 20 - 30 in cultivated areas. The objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship between soil carbon and nitrogen in integrated systems, monoculture pasture, and native Cerrado forest. Undeformed soil samples were collected once at a site located in the municipality of Barbacena, MG, at depths 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm in four distinct areas, designated as treatment 1: pasture monoculture (MP) of Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk with 27 years of plantation; treatment 2: grass-legume combination (GLC), composed of Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk and Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo with 25 years of plantation; treatment 3: silvopastoral system (SSP), composed of Eucalyptus urophylla planted 13 years ago in an area where Urochloa decumbens cv. Basiliskwas was already established for 14 years; and treatment 4: native forest (NF) of the Cerrado biome with 37 years of regeneration. The quantification of total organic C was performed according to the method proposed by Yeomans and Bremmer (1988); and the determination of total N was performed as proposed by Bremner and Mulvaney (1982) and adapted by Mendonça and Matos (2005). The experimental design completely randomized, with five replications in each treatment. The data were submitted to statistical analysis using the Kruskall-Wallis test and Dunn's test. The NF system showed the highest C:N ratio at all evaluated depths (32.3 €“ 40.6), being statistically similar to MP (30 €“ 37) and SSP (25.5 €“ 28.5). The CGL system did not show statistical similarity with MP and FN, but it was equal to SSP (p

Integrated production systems can stimulate the growth and reproduction of soil microbiota responsible for nutrient cycling. The use of quality indicators such as soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) can help formulate strategies that preserve organic matter and enable more sustainable production systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil microbial biomass carbon in integrated production systems, a monoculture system of pasture, and native Cerrado forest. Undeformed soil samples were collected at a site located in the municipality of Barbacena, MG, at depths 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm in four distinct areas, formed by treatment 1: monoculture to pasture (MP) of Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk; treatment 2: combination of legumes and grasses (CLG) composed of Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk and Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo, with a history of conventional cultivation; treatment 3: silvopastoral system (SSP), composed of Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk and Eucalyptus urophylla; and treatment 4: native forest (NF) of the Cerrado biome, with 37 years of regeneration. To determine the carbon in the biomass, the fumigation-extraction method proposed by Vance et al. (1987) was applied, with fumigation and the addition of chloroform (without alcohol) in the sample, as suggested by Brookes et al. (1982) and Witt et al. (2000). The experimental design was completely randomized, with five replications in each treatment. The data obtained were submitted to statistical analysis using the Kruskall-Wallis test and Dunn's test. The microbial biomass carbon reached the lowest level in CLG and highest in FN, with statistical differences in the deeper layers and no statistical difference just in the surface layer (0-5cm). MP and SSP treatments did not differ from FN. In the CLG system, the results found corresponded to 153.1, 152.9, 132.6, 91.3 in layers 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-30 respectively, while in the FN system, the values were 295. 7, 265.5, 235 and 235 in the corresponding layers. The CLG system contained on average 49% less carbon in the microbial biomass compared to NF, while the silvopastoral system averaged 8%, and the pasture monoculture had a 12% difference. The higher carbon content of the microbial biomass in the areas of native vegetation, silvopastoral system and monoculture pasture may be a reflection of the continuous supply of organic materials from the litter and rhizosphere, associated with the absence of soil disturbance, constituting a favorable factor for survival and growth of different groups of microorganisms; while the low SMBC in CLG can be explained by the rapid decomposition of organic matter, which has low C:N ratio, and also can be associated with lower litter deposition, limiting microbial activity. Since there was no difference in CBMS between treatments in the 0-5 cm layer, where there is a greater predominance of Arachis pintoi roots, we infer that the fibrous root component present in SSP, MP and NF substantially contributed to the growth of microbial biomass in the subsurface soil layers, providing these systems with better nutrient cycling.

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de demonstrar os resultados de pesquisa realizada junto a 250 pecuaristas leiteiros, com questões relacionadas a aspectos sócio-econômicos dos produtores de leite brasileiros. Esta pesquisa fez parte do Projeto Alfa NERUDA (www.alfa-neruda.com) trabalho financiado pela Comunidade Econômica Européia, com a participação de cinco países da América Latina e quatro países da Europa. O questionário que foi aplicado na pesquisa, também foi utilizado em pesquisa semelhante junto aos produtores dos outros países. Os resultados encontrados no Brasil foram os seguintes: Faixa etária entre 51 e 65 anos (39,2%), 82,0% são casados, 62,3% residem nas propriedades, 18,8% tem filhos trabalhando na atividade, 100% tem luz elétrica, 68,8% são atividades familiares, 32,4% tem outras atividades econômicas, 71,2% comercialização seu leite para cooperativas, 25,7% para laticínios, 3,1% fazem venda direta ao consumidor, 58,3% consideraram que o custo de seu litro de leite estava entre R$0,31 (US$0,14) a R$0,50 (US$0,23), 89,8% usam tanque de expansão, 12,8% fazem remuneração especial aos ordenhadores, 14,0% controlam resíduos, 1,6% fazem rastreabilidade do rebanho, 44,0% tem a pecuária de corte como outra atividade, 68,8% das propriedades tem menos de 100ha, 65,4% tem menos de 50 vacas no rebanho, 56,3% produzem menos de 200 lts/dia.

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de demonstrar os resultados de pesquisa realizada junto a 250 pecuaristas leiteiros, com questões relacionadas a aspectos sócio-econômicos dos produtores de leite brasileiros. Esta pesquisa fez parte do Projeto Alfa NERUDA (www.alfa-neruda.com) trabalho financiado pela Comunidade Econômica Européia, com a participação de cinco países da América Latina e quatro países da Europa. O questionário que foi aplicado na pesquisa, também foi utilizado em pesquisa semelhante junto aos produtores dos outros países. Os resultados encontrados no Brasil foram os seguintes: Faixa etária entre 51 e 65 anos (39,2%), 82,0% são casados, 62,3% residem nas propriedades, 18,8% tem filhos trabalhando na atividade, 100% tem luz elétrica, 68,8% são atividades familiares, 32,4% tem outras atividades econômicas, 71,2% comercialização seu leite para cooperativas, 25,7% para laticínios, 3,1% fazem venda direta ao consumidor, 58,3% consideraram que o custo de seu litro de leite estava entre R$0,31 (US$0,14) a R$0,50 (US$0,23), 89,8% usam tanque de expansão, 12,8% fazem remuneração especial aos ordenhadores, 14,0% controlam resíduos, 1,6% fazem rastreabilidade do rebanho, 44,0% tem a pecuária de corte como outra atividade, 68,8% das propriedades tem menos de 100ha, 65,4% tem menos de 50 vacas no rebanho, 56,3% produzem menos de 200 lts/dia.

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de demonstrar os resultados de pesquisa realizada junto a 250 pecuaristas leiteiros, com questões relacionadas a aspectos sócio-econômicos dos produtores de leite brasileiros. Esta pesquisa fez parte do Projeto Alfa NERUDA (www.alfa-neruda.com) trabalho financiado pela Comunidade Econômica Européia, com a participação de cinco países da América Latina e quatro países da Europa. O questionário que foi aplicado na pesquisa, também foi utilizado em pesquisa semelhante junto aos produtores dos outros países. Os resultados encontrados no Brasil foram os seguintes: Faixa etária entre 51 e 65 anos (39,2%), 82,0% são casados, 62,3% residem nas propriedades, 18,8% tem filhos trabalhando na atividade, 100% tem luz elétrica, 68,8% são atividades familiares, 32,4% tem outras atividades econômicas, 71,2% comercialização seu leite para cooperativas, 25,7% para laticínios, 3,1% fazem venda direta ao consumidor, 58,3% consideraram que o custo de seu litro de leite estava entre R$0,31 (US$0,14) a R$0,50 (US$0,23), 89,8% usam tanque de expansão, 12,8% fazem remuneração especial aos ordenhadores, 14,0% controlam resíduos, 1,6% fazem rastreabilidade do rebanho, 44,0% tem a pecuária de corte como outra atividade, 68,8% das propriedades tem menos de 100ha, 65,4% tem menos de 50 vacas no rebanho, 56,3% produzem menos de 200 lts/dia.

O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido no Sítio Campo Alegre em Barbacena-MG para avaliar, a produção de massa verde (MV), teor (% MS) e produção de matéria seca (PMS), características morfológicas: acamamento, despalha, altura das folhas e colmo da cana planta e as características de maturação obtidas através do % Brix médio, das diferentes alturas e o Ãndice de Maturação no período de 1,25 anos, de seis cultivares de cana-de-açúcar, sendo: IAC 86-2480 e IAC 86-2210 (precoces), RB 72-454 e IAC 93-6006 (médias), SP 81-3250 e IAC 87-3396 (tardias). O experimento foi estabelecido sob o delineamento estatístico de blocos casualizados em uma unidade experimental constituída de quatro linhas com seis metros de comprimento e espaçadas de 0,8m. As maiores produções de MV foram obtidas com as cultivares RB 72-454 (143,72t ha-1) e IAC 87-3396 (136,81t ha-1) e as cultivares precoces apresentaram produções inferiores a 52t ha-1, e as PMS apresentaram comportamento semelhante ao da MV. Os teores de FDN foram inferiores a 40% e o menor valor para a cultivar IAC 87-3396. Os teores de PB foram inferiores a 1,87%. Ao avaliar o conjunto de características morfológicas pode-se inferir que a cultivar IAC 87-3396 apresenta melhor comportamento, além da elevada produção. A análise de graus Brix não mostrou diferença entre as cultivares e valores inferiores a 13%, indicando uma baixa concentração de sacarose. Avaliando-se o brix nas três alturas do colmo pudemos inferir que as cultivares tardias mostraram declínio de maturação; as de maturação média e a IAC 86-2210 (precoce) com adequada maturação e a IAC 86-2480 com média maturação.

O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido no Sítio Campo Alegre em Barbacena-MG para avaliar, a produção de massa verde (MV), teor (% MS) e produção de matéria seca (PMS), características morfológicas: acamamento, despalha, altura das folhas e colmo da cana planta e as características de maturação obtidas através do % Brix médio, das diferentes alturas e o Ãndice de Maturação no período de 1,25 anos, de seis cultivares de cana-de-açúcar, sendo: IAC 86-2480 e IAC 86-2210 (precoces), RB 72-454 e IAC 93-6006 (médias), SP 81-3250 e IAC 87-3396 (tardias). O experimento foi estabelecido sob o delineamento estatístico de blocos casualizados em uma unidade experimental constituída de quatro linhas com seis metros de comprimento e espaçadas de 0,8m. As maiores produções de MV foram obtidas com as cultivares RB 72-454 (143,72t ha-1) e IAC 87-3396 (136,81t ha-1) e as cultivares precoces apresentaram produções inferiores a 52t ha-1, e as PMS apresentaram comportamento semelhante ao da MV. Os teores de FDN foram inferiores a 40% e o menor valor para a cultivar IAC 87-3396. Os teores de PB foram inferiores a 1,87%. Ao avaliar o conjunto de características morfológicas pode-se inferir que a cultivar IAC 87-3396 apresenta melhor comportamento, além da elevada produção. A análise de graus Brix não mostrou diferença entre as cultivares e valores inferiores a 13%, indicando uma baixa concentração de sacarose. Avaliando-se o brix nas três alturas do colmo pudemos inferir que as cultivares tardias mostraram declínio de maturação; as de maturação média e a IAC 86-2210 (precoce) com adequada maturação e a IAC 86-2480 com média maturação.

O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido no Sítio Campo Alegre em Barbacena-MG para avaliar, a produção de massa verde (MV), teor (% MS) e produção de matéria seca (PMS), características morfológicas: acamamento, despalha, altura das folhas e colmo da cana planta e as características de maturação obtidas através do % Brix médio, das diferentes alturas e o Ãndice de Maturação no período de 1,25 anos, de seis cultivares de cana-de-açúcar, sendo: IAC 86-2480 e IAC 86-2210 (precoces), RB 72-454 e IAC 93-6006 (médias), SP 81-3250 e IAC 87-3396 (tardias). O experimento foi estabelecido sob o delineamento estatístico de blocos casualizados em uma unidade experimental constituída de quatro linhas com seis metros de comprimento e espaçadas de 0,8m. As maiores produções de MV foram obtidas com as cultivares RB 72-454 (143,72t ha-1) e IAC 87-3396 (136,81t ha-1) e as cultivares precoces apresentaram produções inferiores a 52t ha-1, e as PMS apresentaram comportamento semelhante ao da MV. Os teores de FDN foram inferiores a 40% e o menor valor para a cultivar IAC 87-3396. Os teores de PB foram inferiores a 1,87%. Ao avaliar o conjunto de características morfológicas pode-se inferir que a cultivar IAC 87-3396 apresenta melhor comportamento, além da elevada produção. A análise de graus Brix não mostrou diferença entre as cultivares e valores inferiores a 13%, indicando uma baixa concentração de sacarose. Avaliando-se o brix nas três alturas do colmo pudemos inferir que as cultivares tardias mostraram declínio de maturação; as de maturação média e a IAC 86-2210 (precoce) com adequada maturação e a IAC 86-2480 com média maturação.