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Objective To study trends of infant mortality rate (IMR) and neonatal mortality rate in Greece during the period 2004–2016 and explore the role of sociodemographic factors in the years of crisis.Design Nationwide individual data for live births and infant (0–11 months) deaths provided by the Hellenic Statistical Authority were examined using Poisson, joinpoint regression and interrupted time series (ITS) analyses.Setting Greece.Participants All infant deaths (n=4862) over the 13-year period, of which 87.2% were born to Greek mothers, and respective live births.Main outcome measures Evolution of IMR (0–364 days), early (