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The article examines the negative health outcomes linked with cannabis use and outlines optimal strategies to assessing and managing cannabis use in primary care. Data reviewed by the authors were from electronic databases, specialist Web sites and databases of England's National Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse and the U.S. National Institute on Drug Abuse, among others. It explains that the metabolites of cannabis exert their effect on the body's endogenous cannabinoid system through type 1 cannabinoid receptors in the central nervous system. Other topics discussed include the effects of intoxication and differentiating between chronic cannabis intoxication and psychiatric disorders.