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Background: Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is prevalent in women with genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM). Vaginal estrogen is effective GSM treatment. This study was primarily aimed to evaluate the effects of vaginal administration of conjugated estrogens tablet on postmenopausal FSD using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Secondary aims were to evaluate vaginal pH, Vaginal Maturation Value (VMV), Normal Flora Index (NFI) and Most Bothersome Symptoms (MBS) changes., Methods: A double-blind trial was conducted in postmenopausal women with FSD (FSFI ≤26.55). Sixty-seven participants were randomized into two arms; vaginally administered conjugated estrogens tablet (0.625 mg, daily for 3 weeks then twice weekly for 9 weeks, n = 33), or placebo (n = 34)., Results: There was no significant improvement of FSFI observed in estrogens arm compared to placebo in each domain and overall index (p = 0.182). The estrogens significantly improved vaginal pH and VMV, toward more acidity (p = < 0.001), higher VMV (p = < 0.001) and more superficial cells (p = < 0.001). We observed no significant difference in NFI and MBS between arms (p = 0.282, 0.182)., Conclusion: We found no significant changes in FSFI, NFI, and MBS, but significant improvement in vaginal pH and VMV in postmenopausal women with FSD treated with vaginally administered conjugated estrogens tablet. Few side-effects were reported., Trial Registration: Thai Clinical Trial Registry identification number TCTR20180219001 , prospectively registered since 2018-02-19 11:33:21.

Background: Adding testosterone to hormonal therapy could improve sexual function and general well-being among women during climacteric. We evaluated the effectiveness of testosterone undecanoate on sexual function in postmenopausal women utilizing the standardized questionnaire FSFI score., Methods: Postmenopausal women with sexual complaints and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) ≤ 26.5 were enrolled in to this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Participants were randomly assigned to 8-week treatment with either oral testosterone undecanoate 40 mg or placebo twice weekly with daily oral estrogen. The FSFI scores before and after treatment were compared to assess any improvement of sexual function., Results: Seventy women were recruited of which each group had 35 participants. The baseline characteristics and baseline FSFI scores were comparable between both groups. After 8 weeks of treatment, the FSFI scores significantly improved in both groups when compared to the baseline but the FSFI scores from the testosterone group were significantly higher than in the placebo group post-treatment (28.6 ± 3.6, 25.3 ± 6.7, respectively, p = 0.04). There was no difference in adverse effect between the two groups, Conclusions: The twice weekly addition of testosterone undecanoate to daily oral estrogen was associated with a significant improvement in sexual function among postmenopausal women than the use of the estrogen alone., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01724658 (February 17, 2012).

Background: As silent and preventable in nature, postmenopausal osteoporosis awareness should be raised among young women prior to an irreversible period of declining bone mass. We therefore decided to assess the inter-correlation of knowledge, attitude and osteoporosis preventive behaviors in women around the age of peak bone mass., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 430 women aged 20-35 years. The participants' knowledge, attitude and behaviors concerning osteoporosis prevention were assessed along with demographic data using a four-part questionnaire. The items in this questionnaire were established by extensive literature review, including the Guideline for Management of Osteoporosis of the Thai Osteoporosis Foundation (TOPF) 2010. The content was validated by experts in osteoporosis and reliability was obtained with a Cronbach's alpha score of 0.83., Results: The mean age of women in this study was 29.4 ± 4.6 years. Half of the participants (49.5%) had heard about osteoporosis, mostly from television (95.3%, n = 203/213) and the internet (72.8%, n = 155/213). Most women had certain knowledge (85.2%) and positive attitude towards osteoporosis (53.3%). Nevertheless, 80% of the studied population did not have appropriate osteoporosis behaviors. We found significant correlation between the level of attitudes and osteoporosis behaviors (adjusted odd ratio = 3.3 with 95% confidence interval of 1.9-5.7); attitude and educational level (adjusted odd ratio = 2.2 with 95% confidence interval of 1.4-3.4); and attitude and knowledge (adjusted odd ratio = 3.5 with 95% confidence interval of 1.8-6.8)., Conclusion: Despite having certain knowledge about osteoporosis, the young women did not seem to have appropriate osteoporosis preventive behaviors. Developing a right attitude towards osteoporosis may be a key determinant to improving health practices in order to prevent osteoporosis.