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Objective: Improving short birth interval practice is a key strategy to reduce maternal mortality, neonatal mortality, adverse pregnancy outcomes, high fertility rate and undermining economic development efforts. However, there were limited evidences on short birth interval practice and its determinant factors in Ethiopia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of short birth interval practice and associated factors among pregnant women. Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among 418 pregnant mothers using stratified sampling technique. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed at the level of significance of P-value < 0.05. Result: Short birth interval practice was found to be 40.9%. Child death (AOR = 3.60, 95% CI 1.35, 9.59), female child (AOR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.12, 3.67), younger maternal age (AOR = 4.23, 95% CI 1.14, 12.66), contraceptive non-use (AOR = 8.15, 95% CI 4.17, 15.94), increase duration of breastfeeding (AOR = 4.72, 95 CI% 1.10, 20.60) and home delivery (AOR = 4.75, 95 CI% 2.30, 9.79) were found to be significantly associated with short birth interval practice. The prevalence of short birth interval practice is high. Multi disciplinary approach through improving maternal and child health care are recommended to prevent short birth interval practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify determinants of underweight among 6–59 months old children in Berahle Woreda, Afar, North East Ethiopia, in 2016. Result: The median age (IQR) of cases and controls were 24 (34) and 18 (23) months respectively and 51.6% of the children were not exclusively breast-fed but 64.8% controls were exclusively breastfed. Age group of 48–59 months (AOR = 11.93; 95% CI 3.88–36.67), illiterate mothers (AOR = 2.32; 95% CI 1.19–4.55), low dietary diversity (AOR = 4.57; 95% CI 2.40–8.69), diarrhea in the past of 2 weeks (AOR = 2.93; 95% CI 1.46–5.85), birth interval (AOR = 5.17; 95% CI 2.37–11.26) and unprotected source of water (AOR = 2.62; 95% CI 1.42–4.85) were determinant factors of underweight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify socio-demographic and health related factors associated with caesarean section in Ethiopia. Results: A total of 256 mothers undergoing to CS among 7193 delivery. Average maternal age of a participant was 29.26 years and 80% of mothers having two and more children. A woman delivered in private institution was 30% (AOR = 1.29; 95% CI 1.25, 1.32) more likely undergoing CS as compared to home delivery. Factors associated with CS were higher education level (AOR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.07, 1.12), preceding birth interval (AOR = 1.01; 95% CI 1.00. 1.03), multiple pregnancy (AOR = 1.11; 95% CI 1.08, 1.15), multiple parity (AOR = 0.98; 95% CI 0.97, 0.99), large size the child (AOR = 1.01; 95% CI 1.001, 1.02), richest households (AOR = 0.98; 95% CI 0.97, 0.99), rural residence (AOR = 0.98 95% CI 0.96, 0.99) and Addis Ababa (AOR = 1.06; 95% CI 1.04,1.09). As a conclusion and recommendation, the prevalence of CS higher in private institutions and Addis Ababa, so professionals should apply CS alone medical indication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The study aimed to assess the effect of inter pregnancy interval on preterm birth in Northern Ethiopia: prospective cohort study. Result: This study showed that, total incidence of premature birth was 10.4%. Among mothers with short inter pregnancy interval the incidence of preterm birth was 39 (25.9%).Whereas, among mothers who had recommended inter pregnancy interval was 9 (2.9%). Short inter-pregnancy interval [adjusted hazard ratio (AHR): 6.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.07–15.31], antenatal care (ANC) visit 1–3 times (AHR: 2.24, 95% CI 1.04–4.85), complication during pregnancy (AHR: 3.16, 95% CI 1.58–6.33) and birth defect (AHR: 8.01, 95% CI 2.56–25.07) were predictors of premature birth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]