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Objective: Copy number variation is now recognized as one of the major sources of genetic variation among individuals in natural populations of any species. However, the relevance of these unexpected observations goes beyond diagnosing high diversity. Results: Here, it is argued that the molecular rates of copy number variation, mainly the deletion rate upon variation, determine the evolutionary road of the genome regarding size. Genetic drift will govern this process only if the effective population size is lower than the inverse of the deletion rate. Otherwise, natural selection will do. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]