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Denne artikel beskriver studieprotokollen for et randomiseret kontrolleret studie, som skal undersøge effekten af at udføre konditests som en del af forebyggende helbredsundersøgelser sammenlignet med helbredsundersøgelser uden konditests. I Randers kommune tilbyder man i perioden 2012-2017 alle borgere i aldersgruppen 30-49 år en forebyggende helbredsundersøgelse og en helbredssamtale ved egen læge ved behov. Vores viden om effekten af de enkelte komponenter i en forebyggende helbredsundersøgelse er dog sparsom. Vi ved dog, at kondition er forbundet med en række helbredsgevinster, såsom nedsat risiko for hjertekarsygdom, kræft (bryst, tyktarm), diabetes og depression. Dette studie undersøger, om konditests ved forebyggende helbredsundersøgelser kan bidrage til at øge kondital og motivation for fysisk aktivitet. Der anvendes et cluster-randomiseret design baseret på bopæl med to parallelle grupper. Der inkluderes 750 borgere i hver studiegruppe (i alt 1.500). Studiet vil bidrage til en kritisk vurdering af værdien af konditests ved forebyggende helbredsundersøgelser og derved skabe et vigtigt evidensgrundlag for beslutningstagere i tilrettelæggelsen af fremtidige tiltag, der sigter mod at øge befolkningens fysiske aktivitetsniveau og sundhedstilstand.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02224248. BACKGROUND: Preventive health checks may identify individuals with an unhealthy lifestyle and motivate them to change behaviour. However, knowledge about the impact of the different components included in preventive health checks is deficient. The aim of this trial is to evaluate whether including cardiorespiratory fitness testing in preventive health checks 1) increases cardiorespiratory fitness level and motivation to change physical activity behaviour and 2) reduces physical inactivity prevalence and improves self-rated health compared with preventive health checks without fitness testing.METHODS/DESIGN: An open-label, household-cluster, randomized controlled trial with a two-group parallel design is used. The trial is embedded in a population-based health promotion program, "Check your Health Preventive Program", in which all 30-49 year-old citizens in a Danish municipality are offered a preventive health check. In each arm of the trial, 750 citizens will be recruited (1,500 in total). The primary outcome is cardiorespiratory fitness level assessed by submaximal cycle ergometer testing after one year. An intermediate outcome is the percentage of participants increasing motivation for physical activity behaviour change between baseline and two-weeks follow-up assessed using the Transtheoretical Model's stages of change. Secondary outcomes include changes from baseline to one-year follow-up in physical inactivity prevalence measured by a modified version of the questions developed by Saltin and Grimby, and in self-rated health measures using the Short-Form 12, Health Survey, version 2.DISCUSSION: This trial will contribute to a critical appraisal of the value of fitness testing as part of preventive health checks. The conduction in real-life community and general practice structures makes the trial findings applicable and transferable to other municipalities providing support to decision-makers in the development of approaches to increase levels of physical activity and improve health.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02224248. Registered 8 August 2014.