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Abstract Background Misinformation regarding COVID-19 pandemic and vaccination is damaging COVID-19 vaccine trust and acceptance in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC). Identification of misinformation and designing locally acceptable solutions are needed to improve COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. This study aimed to utilize community-led co-design methodology to evaluate misinformation regarding COVID-19 and develop contextual interventions to address misinformation in a marginalized peri urban slum communities of Landhi town Karachi, Pakistan. Methods This study was conducted between January and December 2021, in marginalized peri-urban slum dwellers of Muslimabad Colony, Landhi Town Karachi, Pakistan. We used a community-centred co-design methodology embedded within mixed study design to identify misinformation, co-design, test and implement locally acceptable solutions. The co-design methodology involved five stages of the design thinking model: (1) Empathize, (2) Define, (3) Ideate, (4) Prototype, and (5) Test. The project involved active engagement and participation of wide range of stakeholders and community beneficiaries (end users) including local EPI vaccinators, informal healthcare workers, religious leaders (male and female), schoolteachers (male and female), local government representatives, community leaders, housewives, youth, and general population. To develop a trusting relationship, and understand local culture, values, practices, and traditions, we allowed one month of observation period (observe, engage, watch, and listen) in the beginning, followed by door-to-door survey along with focus group discussions (FGD) and in-depth interviews (IDI) at baseline. Co-design workshops (separate for male and female) were conducted at each stage of co-design methodology to design and test locally acceptable solutions. Conclusion Community-centred co-design methodology was not only successful in designing, testing, and evaluating locally acceptable solutions but it also actively engaged and empowered the marginalized population living in peri urban slum communities of Karachi, Pakistan.

While the structure and composition of the scientific manuscript is well known within scientific communities, insider knowledge such as the tricks of the trade and editorial viewpoints of scientific publishing are often less known to early-career research scientists. This article focuses on the key aspects of scientific publishing, including tips for success geared towards senior postdocs and junior faculty. It also highlights important considerations for getting manuscripts published in an efficient and successful manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic presented substantial challenges to public health stakeholders working to vaccinate populations against the disease, particularly among vaccine hesitant individuals in low- and middle-income countries. Data on the determinants of vaccine hesitancy are scarce, and often available only at the national level. In this paper, our goal is to inform programmatic decision making in support of local vaccine uptake. Our analytical objectives to support this goal are to (1) reliably estimate attitudinal data at the hyperlocal level, and (2) estimate the loss of data heterogeneity among these attitudinal indicators at higher levels of aggregation. With hyperlocal attitudinal data on the determinants of vaccine hesitancy, public health stakeholders can better tailor interventions aimed at increasing uptake sub-nationally, and even down to the individual vaccination site or neighborhood. Methods: We estimated attitudinal data on the determinants of vaccine hesitancy as framed by the WHO's Confidence, Complacency, and Convenience ("3Cs") Model of Vaccine Hesitancy using a nationally and regionally representative household survey of 4,922 adults aged 18 and above, collected in February 2022. This custom survey was designed to collect information on attitudes towards COVID-19 and concerns about the COVID-19 vaccine. A machine learning (ML) framework was used to spatially interpolate metrics representative of the 3Cs at a one square kilometer (1km2) resolution using approximately 130 spatial covariates from high-resolution satellite imagery, and 24 covariates from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). Results: Spatial interpolated hyperlocal estimates of the 3Cs captured significant information on attitudes towards COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccines. The interpolated estimates held increased heterogeneity within each subsequent level of disaggregation, with most variation at the 1km2 level. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that a) attitudinal data can be successfully estimated at the hyperlocal level, and b) the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy have large spatial variance that cannot be captured through national surveys alone. Access to community level attitudes toward vaccine safety and efficacy; vaccination access, time, and financial burden; and COVID-19 beliefs and infection concerns presents novel implications for public health practitioners and policymakers seeking to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake through more customized community-level interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document provides abstracts from the 10th Tanzania Health Summit, which covers a wide range of topics related to healthcare in Tanzania. The abstracts discuss various research studies and programs conducted in Tanzania, focusing on areas such as mental health, HIV patients with kidney dysfunction, pediatric imaging requests, vaccine management, family medicine, women's health service utilization, and youth contraceptive use. The studies and programs emphasize the importance of addressing diverse healthcare needs, improving access to services, and implementing sustainable financing mechanisms. These efforts have shown positive outcomes in terms of increased access to services, improved treatment outcomes, and enhanced prevention efforts. [Extracted from the article]

This document contains abstracts from the 2nd International Conference of Science, Technology, Education, and Management (InSTEM 2023). The abstracts cover a range of topics, including the impact of Instagram usage patterns on body dissatisfaction among university students, the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary arterial hypertension, the brain structure and neuronal connectivity in individuals with late-onset Alzheimer's disease, the effect of underfilled EDTA vacutainers on blood cell indices and microscopic examination, the factors influencing students' intentions to use e-wallets, the ICT proficiency and competence of Islamic kindergarten teachers for online teaching, and the psychometric analysis of a college-level English communication course examination. These abstracts provide valuable insights into various research areas and can be useful for library patrons conducting research on these topics. [Extracted from the article]

into account when analyzing stroke-related deficits.P30: This study explores the relationship between sleep duration and cognitive function in older adults. The researchers analyzed data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study and found that both short and long sleep durations were associated with poorer cognitive function. The findings suggest that maintaining an optimal sleep duration is important for cognitive health in older adults.P31: This study investigates the impact of neighborhood characteristics on physical activity levels among older adults. The researchers used data from the Health and Retirement Study and found that neighborhood walkability, safety, and social cohesion were positively associated with physical activity. The findings highlight the importance of creating age-friendly neighborhoods that promote physical activity and support healthy aging.P32: This study examines the relationship between social media use and mental health outcomes among college students. The researchers surveyed college students and found that higher levels of social media use were associated with increased symptoms of depression and anxiety. The findings suggest that promoting healthy social media use and providing mental health support for college students is crucial.P33: This study explores the impact of mindfulness-based interventions on stress and well-being in healthcare professionals. The researchers conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and found that mindfulness-based interventions were effective in reducing stress and improving well-being among healthcare professionals. The findings suggest that incorporating mindfulness practices into healthcare settings can benefit both healthcare professionals and patient outcomes.P34: This study investigates the relationship between physical activity and mental health outcomes in adolescents. The researchers analyzed data from the National [Extracted from the article]

This document is a collection of abstracts and panel discussions on various topics related to maternal and newborn health. The abstracts cover a range of subjects, including the use of Networks of Care to improve quality of care, addressing racial disparities in maternal health, the role of midwives in reducing mortality, and the implementation of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure devices for newborns with respiratory distress. The panels discuss topics such as maternal and perinatal death surveillance, the importance of empathy and compassion in care, and the measurement and monitoring of maternal and newborn health outcomes. The studies emphasize the importance of addressing gender roles and norms, improving access to healthcare services, and addressing systemic barriers to improve maternal and child health outcomes. They also discuss the need for regular assessments, integration of nurturing care, and community involvement to improve maternal health. Additionally, the studies explore topics such as viral load monitoring, malnutrition in infants, and infection prevention and control practices. The findings highlight the need for tailored policies, improved access to quality care, and community engagement to improve maternal and newborn health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries. [Extracted from the article]

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have traditionally been considered the gold standard for medical evidence. However, in light of emerging methodologies in data science, many experts question the role of RCTs. Within this context, experts in the USA and Canada came together to debate whether the primacy of RCTs as the gold standard for medical evidence, still holds in light of recent methodological advances in data science and in the era of big data. The purpose of this manuscript, aims to raise awareness of the pros and cons of RCTs and observational studies in order to help guide clinicians, researchers, students, and decision-makers in making informed decisions on the quality of medical evidence to support their work. In particular, new and underappreciated advantages and disadvantages of both designs are contrasted. Innovations taking place in both of these research methodologies, which can blur the lines between the two, are also discussed. Finally, practical guidance for clinicians and future directions in assessing the quality of evidence is offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document contains abstracts from various research studies conducted at Trinity College Dublin and other institutions. The first study focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical education, highlighting both positive and negative effects. The second study examines issues with the health information technology infrastructure at a hospital. The third study investigates the effects of audiovisual stimulation on motor cortical excitability. The fourth study compares treatment volumes and radiation dosimetry calculations for patients undergoing transarterial radioembolization. The fifth study reports on the outcomes of a clinical trial using viable disc allograft supplementation for chronic low back pain. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic presented substantial challenges to public health stakeholders working to vaccinate populations against the disease, particularly among vaccine hesitant individuals in low- and middle-income countries. Data on the determinants of vaccine hesitancy are scarce, and often available only at the national level. In this paper, our goal is to inform programmatic decision making in support of local vaccine uptake. Our analytical objectives to support this goal are to (1) reliably estimate attitudinal data at the hyperlocal level, and (2) estimate the loss of data heterogeneity among these attitudinal indicators at higher levels of aggregation. With hyperlocal attitudinal data on the determinants of vaccine hesitancy, public health stakeholders can better tailor interventions aimed at increasing uptake sub-nationally, and even down to the individual vaccination site or neighborhood. Methods We estimated attitudinal data on the determinants of vaccine hesitancy as framed by the WHO’s Confidence, Complacency, and Convenience (“3Cs”) Model of Vaccine Hesitancy using a nationally and regionally representative household survey of 4,922 adults aged 18 and above, collected in February 2022. This custom survey was designed to collect information on attitudes towards COVID-19 and concerns about the COVID-19 vaccine. A machine learning (ML) framework was used to spatially interpolate metrics representative of the 3Cs at a one square kilometer (1km2) resolution using approximately 130 spatial covariates from high-resolution satellite imagery, and 24 covariates from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). Results Spatial interpolated hyperlocal estimates of the 3Cs captured significant information on attitudes towards COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccines. The interpolated estimates held increased heterogeneity within each subsequent level of disaggregation, with most variation at the 1km2 level. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that a) attitudinal data can be successfully estimated at the hyperlocal level, and b) the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy have large spatial variance that cannot be captured through national surveys alone. Access to community level attitudes toward vaccine safety and efficacy; vaccination access, time, and financial burden; and COVID-19 beliefs and infection concerns presents novel implications for public health practitioners and policymakers seeking to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake through more customized community-level interventions.

The new score per patient was then calculated as a combination of the RTS of each patient and the patient's corresponding NESMS score and then compared to the actual patient survival period in order to assess its adequacy in predicting the survival of patients with spinal metastases. PP1: Vitamin-D receptor gene polymorphisms (ApaI and TaqI) and circulating Vitamin D 25-Hydro... Mohamed Abouzid1, Marlena Kruszyna2, Pawel Burchardt2, Lukasz Kruszyna3, Franciszek K. Gl... 1Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences,... Correspondence: Mohamed Abouzid I BMC Proceedings 2023 i , B 17(Suppl 17): b PP1 B Introduction b : The relationship between vitamin D receptor ( I VDR i ) polymorphisms and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is unclear. Oral Sessions O1: ADAM-17 serum concentration in Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficient patients Domonique Proceviat1, Mark Murphy2, Malcolm Herron2, Emma Leacy2, Noel G Mcelvaney3 1School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; 2Respiratory Research Division, De... Correspondence: Domonique Proceviat I BMC Proceedings 2023 i , B 17(Suppl 17): b O1 Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a syndrome that predisposes patients to pulmonary emphysema and liver complications. The two overarching measures under patient-centred care are patient satisfaction and patient experience. Patient satisfaction provides insight on a patient's perspective with the overall care, whereas patient experience is concerned with a patient's interactions with the healthcare facility, staff and waiting times. [Extracted from the article]

1University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; 2Science in Australia Gender Equity (SAGE) Lim... B Correspondence: b Pavel V Ovseiko (mailto:pavel.ovseiko@rdm.ox.ac.uk); Mei Leow (mailto:mei.leow@sciencegenderequity.org.au) I BMC Proceedings 2023 i , B 17(15) b B Introduction b Diversity Interventions is an international conference dedicated to promoting advances in gender equality, diversity and inclusion. A26 A review of strategies that advance female nursing careers Mihirika Surangi De Silva Pincha Baduge1,2*, Mariam Mousa1, Leanne Boyd3, Helena Teede1,4 1Monash University, Clayton, Australia; 2Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia; 3Eastern Healt... Correspondence: Mihirika Surangi De Silva Pincha Baduge (mailto:mihirika.pinchabaduge@monash.... I BMC Proceedings 2023 i , B 17(15): b A26 B Background b Nurses bring unique perspectives to board rooms in areas related to strategic planning, critical thinking, communication, quality and process improvement, human resources, finance, and complex problem-solving. A10 Fighting gender inequality in media education: in the classroom and on set Lucy A A Brown London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom Correspondence: Lucy A A Brown (mailto:lucybrown@lsbu.ac.uk) I BMC Proceedings 2023 i , B 17(15): b A10 There is a startling lack of gender equality in the film and television industry despite data from the Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) indicating a gender balance on media university courses. The study design included: a consultation process; review of academic promotion implementation and practices; embedding ARtO in recruitment (guidelines for hiring managers, information for candidates on external careers site, training for recruitment teams, job advertisement language and application process design). [Extracted from the article]

The fact that drug-drug interactions and contraindications aren't very familiar concepts to the public makes drug combinations blindly used by patients very dangerous. P19 Comparison between branded and generic Glimepiride 1 mg tablets using in vitro evaluation... Mosab Arafat1, Anna Esmaeil1, Salah AbuRuz2 1College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain P.O. Box 64141, United Arab Emirates; 2Depart... Correspondence: Mosab Arafat (mailto:mosab.arafat@aau.ac.ae) I BMC Proceedings 2023 i , B 17(16): b P19 Generic medications are considered a suitable alternative for brand medications since they are bioequivalent to each other. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332221006260 P39 Accurate aggregates anticipator: Use of machine learning in the development of drug disco... Abdallah Abou Hajal1,2, Richard A Bryce3, Mohammad A Ghattas1,2 1College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, 64141, United Arab Emirates; 2AAU Health... Correspondence: Mohammad A Ghattas (mailto:mohammad.ghattas@aau.ac.ae) I BMC Proceedings 2023 i , B 17(16): b P39 Colloidal aggregates are a serious problem in drug discovery and drug development projects. P13 Development and in vitro evaluation of the controlled-release delivery system of xanthine... Molham Sakkal, Mosab Arafat College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain P.O. Box 64141, United Arab Emirates Correspondence: Mosab Arafat (mailto:mosab.arafat@aau.ac.ae) I BMC Proceedings 2023 i , B 17(16): b P13 Controlled drug delivery systems are well known to enhance patient compliance and reduce the dosing interval frequencies by sustaining the release of the drug molecules from the medication. [Extracted from the article]

Increased data use practices in health service management in Tanzania: a case study from... Weja Joel1, Tumainiel Macha1, Henry Mwanyika3, Joseph Makaranga3, Seif Rashid2, Stephano Muge... 1Ministry of Health in Tanzania, Dodoma, Tanzania; 2University of Dodoma Tanzania, Dodoma, Ta... Correspondence: Weja Joel (mailto:wejajoel@gmail.com) I BMC Proceedings 2023, i B 17(13): b A47 B Introduction b Sound and reliable information is the foundation for making evidence-based decisions. B Methodology b This is a desk review, whereby client's files of PLHIV death occurred from October 21 to March 22 from 151 supported health facilities in Tabora were reviewed and client's demographic information and documented cause of death were extracted from client's clinical files. Edson Magadula1, Shukrani Mbwaga1, Florian Mutasingwa1, Emelda Herman1 1Management and Development for Health (MDH), Dar es salaam, Tanzania Correspondence: Edson Magadula (mailto:emagadula@mdh.or.tz) I BMC Proceedings 2023 i , B 17(13): b A1 B Background b Covid-19 pandemic continues to rage and affect our country with notable 37,510 cases and 841 deaths in Tanzania. TB unit came with a strategy which is Client centred approach by Engaging of former TB clients, Training was conducted and capacitated five former TB clients on TB package on TB screening signs and symptoms and attached them to five out of 18 supported CTC sites. [Extracted from the article]

P80 - Characterization of the oral health status and literacy among a sample of Portuguese el... Hélder Costa1, Nélio Veiga1,2, Patrícia Correia1,2, Patrícia Couto1,2, Maria José Correia1,2,... 1 Faculty of Dental Medicine - Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Viseu, Portugal; 2 Center fo... Correspondence: Hélder Costa I BMC Proceedings 2023, i B 17(9): b P80 B Background b Health literacy is a main factor in health for its improvement, allowing the individuals to have a greater capacity to engage and participate in collective health promotion actions. Poster Presentations Session 1 - Translational Care P1 - Executive functioning training in typically developing adolescents: data review from the... Jorge Amorim1, Soraia Saramago1, Joana R. Rato,1 and Alexandre Castro-Caldas1 1 Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisboa,... Correspondence: Jorge Amorim (s-jomiamorim@ucp.pt) I BMC Proceedings 2023, i B 17(9): b P1 B Background b Executive functions (EF) are top-down cognitive processes that affect different life aspects, such as academic success, health management, and, at a last level, public safety. P94 - "Ser Criança" Project - oral health literacy strategies for the vulnerable children and... Nelio Veiga1,2, Mario Oliveira1, Beatriz Dias1, Ana Sofia Duarte1,2, Maria Correia1,2, Anna... 1 Faculty of Dental Medicine - Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Viseu, Portugal; 2 Center fo... Correspondence: Nelio Veiga I BMC Proceedings 2023, i B 17(9): b P94 B Background b Over the years, there has been an increasing and effective integration and participation of oral health in the concept of general health. [Extracted from the article]

Data is an essential tool for valid and reliable healthcare management. Access to high-quality data is critical to ensuring the early identification of problems, the design of appropriate interventions, and the effective implementation and evaluation of health intervention outcomes. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for strong information systems and the value of producing high-quality data for timely response and tracking resources and progress have been very evident across countries. The availability of and access to high-quality data at all levels of the health systems of low and middle-income countries is a challenge, which is exacerbated by multiple parallels and poorly integrated data sources, a lack of data-sharing standards and policy frameworks, their weak enforcement, and inadequate skills among those handling data. Completeness, accuracy, integrity, validity, and timeliness are challenges to data availability and use. "Big Data" is a necessity and a challenge in the current complexities of health systems. In transitioning to digital systems with proper data standards and policy frameworks for privacy protection, data literacy, ownership, and data use at all levels of the health system, skill enhancement of the staff is critical. Adequate funding for strengthening routine information systems and periodic surveys and research, and reciprocal partnerships between high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries in data generation and use, should be prioritized by the low- and middle-income countries to foster evidence-based healthcare practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the cardiovascular (CV) polypill concept is not new and several guidelines state that a CV polypill should be considered an integral part of a comprehensive CV disease (CVD) prevention strategy, there are still some barriers to its implementation in the real-world setting, mainly in secondary CV prevention. As the CNIC-polypill is the only one approved for secondary CV prevention in patients with atherosclerotic CVD in 27 countries worldwide, a panel of four discussants and 30 participants from 18 countries conveyed in a virtual meeting on April 21, 2022, to discuss key clinical questions regarding the practical use of the CNIC-Polypill and barriers to its implementation. Data presented showed that, although the use of the CV polypill is not explicitly mentioned in the current 2021 European Society of Cardiology guidelines on CVD prevention, it may be used in any patient for secondary CVD prevention tolerating all their components to improve outcomes through different aspects. The favourable results of the Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly (SECURE) trial now reinforce this recommendation. The panellists presented algorithms on how to switch from any baseline regimen when starting treatment with the CNIC-polypill in different situations, including patients with hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and a previous CV event; at discharge after a cardiovascular event; in chronic ischemic conditions; and in cases of polypharmacy. The panellists and expert discussants did agree that available studies conducted so far with the CNIC-polypill demonstrate that it is as efficacious as the monocomponents, equipotent drugs, or other therapies; reduces the risk of experiencing recurrent major CV events; improves medication adherence; reduces health care costs and resources compared to patients treated with loose drugs; and the patients prefer it over the multipill strategy. In conclusion, the data presented by the participants provided the evidence behind the use of the CNIC-polypill to help fulfil the goal of encouraging its adoption by physicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Misinformation regarding HPV vaccine safety and benefits has resulted in low coverage within the eligible French population. HPV vaccination is safe and efficacious in preventing HPV infections in adolescents. However, reaching optimal coverage in countries such as France is challenging due to misinformation, among other factors. Moreover, disparities exist in cervical cancer screening programs. To support the government health promotion policy aimed at improving prevention and control of HPV-related cancers in France, the Human Papillomavirus Prevention and Control Board (HPV-PCB), in collaboration with local experts, held a meeting in Annecy, France (December 2021). HPV-PCB is an independent, multidisciplinary board of international experts that disseminates relevant information on HPV to a broad array of stakeholders and provides guidance on strategic, technical and policy issues in the implementation of HPV control programs. After a one-and-a-half-day meeting, participants concluded that multi-pronged strategies are required to expand vaccination coverage and screening. Vaccine acceptance could be improved by: 1) strenghtening existing trust in clinicians by continuous training of current and upcoming/pre-service healthcare professionals (HCPs), 2) improving health literacy among adolescents and the public through school and social media platforms, and 3) providing full reimbursement of the gender-neutral HPV vaccine, as a strong signal that this vaccination is essential. The discussions on HPV infections control focused on the need to: 1) encourage HCPs to facilitate patient data collection to support performance assessment of the national cervical cancer screening program, 2) advance the transition from cytology to HPV-based screening, 3) improve cancer prevention training and awareness for all HCPs involved in screening, including midwives, 4) identifying patient barriers to invitation acceptance, and 5) promoting urine or vaginal self-sampling screening techniques to improve acceptability, while establishing appropriate follow-up strategies for HPV-positive women. This report covers some critical findings, key challenges, and future steps to improve the status of HPV prevention and control measures in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: COVID-19 vaccination efforts are lagging in Sub-Saharan Africa, as just over 20 percent of the population has been fully vaccinated. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is considered important as a prerequisite for widespread vaccine take-up. Here, we study the dynamics of vaccine acceptance, its correlates, and reasons for hesitancy over time, drawing on two years of panel survey data. Methods: In this observational study, we use multiple rounds of data from national High Frequency Phone Surveys (HFPS) in five countries in East and West Africa (Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Malawi, Nigeria, and Uganda), covering a period between 2020 and 2022. The surveys are cross-country comparable and draw their samples from nationally representative sampling frames. Based on this data source, the study presents population-weighted means and performs multivariate regression analysis. Results: COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was high throughout the study period (68% to 98%). However, acceptance levels were lower in 2022 than in 2020 in three countries (Burkina Faso, Malawi, Nigeria), and higher in one country (Uganda). Moreover, individuals are observed to change their stated vaccine attitudes between survey rounds, to a limited extent in some countries (Ethiopia) and more frequently in others (Burkina Faso, Malawi, Nigeria, Uganda). Vaccine hesitancy is higher in richer households, and those residing in urban areas; among women and those better educated. Hesitancy is lower in larger households and among heads of the household. The main reasons for hesitancy are concerns about side effects of the vaccine, its safety and efficacy, as well as assessments of COVID-19 risk, though these reasons fluctuate over time. Conclusions: Reported COVID-19 vaccine acceptance levels remain far above vaccination rates in the study countries, suggesting that vaccine hesitancy is not the primary obstacle to reaching greater vaccine coverage, which may instead be related to access and delivery barriers as well as supply shortages. Nevertheless, vaccine attitudes appear malleable so that continued efforts are needed to retain high levels of vaccine acceptance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Annapurna Research Center, Center for Health and Disease Studies- Nepal, Global Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies, Kathmandu Institute of Applied Sciences, Kathmandu Research Institute for Biological Sciences (KRIBS), Nepal Applied Mathematics and Informatics Institute for Research, Phutung Research Institute (PRI) and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology (RIBB) allied themselves informally as I Nepal Research Alliance i with broad and collective objectives to facilitate collaboration between the themselves, and to formulate a common view-point for recommending Nepal government appropriate policies in order to advance scientific and technological research in Nepal. Nutritional perspective and its consequences in Nepal Keshab Bhattarai, Sudhashree Adhikari Sattwik Nutri-Food (a Diet Therapy and Research Center), Pokhara, Nepal Correspondence: Keshab Bhattarai (mailto:drbhattaraikeshab@gmail.com) I BMC Proceedings 2023 i , B 17(Suppl 3): b A7 B Background b Nutritional and healthy foods are the basic requirements for the people around the globe to stay healthy and prevent diseases. 1Department of Applied Microbiology and Food Technology, Research Institute for Bioscience an... Correspodence: Prajwal Rajbhandari (mailto:prajjwalrajbhandari@ribb.org.np) I BMC Proceedings 2023 i , B 17(Suppl 3): b B Introduction b The Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal is a relatively small country of approximately 150,000 km SP 2 sp , but extraordinarily rich in natural resources, including lush plains, hilly woodlands, and eight of the world's ten tallest mountains. [Extracted from the article]

O9 Oral colonisation by drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria among patients with a diagnosis... Mangalam Lonappan, A.1, McDonagh, F.1, Miliotis, G.1, Kumar Singh, N.2, Venkateswaran, K.2, H... 1Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galw... I BMC Proceedings 2023 i , B 17(Suppl 4) b :O9 B Background b Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic utilised in the management of patients with treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS). P20 A longitudinal evaluation of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with pre-exi... O'Gorman E.1, Rainford A.1, McLoughlin J.2, Delaney E.1, Hallahan B.1,2 1School of Medicine, University of Galway; 2University Hospital Galway I BMC Proceedings 2023 i , B 17(Suppl 4) b :P20 B Background b The WHO's declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic precipitated national lockdowns and reduced availability of therapeutic activities for individuals attending mental health services. O2 Investigating Endothelin-1 expression and transfer in breast cancer Mammen E.1, Dwyer R.M.2,3, O'Neill C.P.2, McCarthy E.C.2, Sugrue B.2, Chabria Y.2,3 1University of Galway; 2Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, Un... I BMC Proceedings 2023 i , B 17(Suppl 4) b :O2 B Background b Patients with late-stage breast cancer (BC) face a poor prognosis; <30% surviving 5 years. P14 Prognostic factors for mortality in bronchiectasis patients: a literature review Kon A. M. H.1,2, Ng S. H. X.3, Chai G. T.4, Lee K. C.5, Pradeep P. G.3, Tan W. S.3, Hum A.6 1University of Galway; 2School of Medicine, University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; 3Health S... I BMC Proceedings 2023 i , B 17(Suppl 4) b :P14 B Background b Non-cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis is a chronic, debilitating lung condition and may result in an increased mortality. [Extracted from the article]

O-2 The expression of apoB and 4HNE in overweight-and obese-related colorectal carcinoma tiss... Ng Phei Ying1, Siti Norasikin Mohd Nafi1, 4, Nur Asyilla Che Jalil1, 4, Kueh Yee Cheng3, Lee... 1Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysi... Correspondence: Siti Norasikin Mohd Nafi (snmn@usm.my) From The International Conference on Molecular Diagnostics & Biomarker Discovery 2022 (MDBD 2022) Penang, Malaysia. Protein phosphatases regulate cellular events by reversing protein kinases activity. Gaayathri Kumarasamy1, Mohd Nazri Ismail1, 2, Sharifah Emilia Tuan Sharif3, Christopher Desir... 1Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Min... Correspondence: Gurjeet Kaur (gurjeet@usm.my) From The International Conference on Molecular Diagnostics & Biomarker Discovery 2022 (MDBD 2022) Penang, Malaysia. 11 - 13 October 2022 B Background b Reversible phosphorylation is one of the critical post-translational cell events, controlled by protein kinases and protein phosphatases. [Extracted from the article]

Cross sectional study of wristband compliance in St Vincent's University Hospital Patrick J Gorman1,2, Ian Callanan2 1 School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, 2 St Vincent's University H... Correspondence: Patrick J Gorman (Patrick.gorman@ucdconnect.ie) B Background b It is HSE policy that all patients should have a fit for purpose, laser printed, legible wrist- (or ankle-) band with a scannable barcode before receiving any care to avoid issues with misidentification ranging from the minor to the catastrophic. Frailty in haematopoietic stem cell transplant: developing tools to identify vulnerabili... Kate Banks1, Neasa Fitzpatrick2, Chris Armstrong3, Amanda Lavan2, Nina Orfali3 1 School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland; 2 Mercer's Institute for Successful... B Background: b For many patients with haematological malignancies, an Allogeneic Haemopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT) represents the only curative option available and improvements in supportive care and the advent of reduced-intensity conditioning regimes has extended the potential benefits of HSCT to older adult patients. As an adult-only ED, the paediatric cohort was not included in this audit: Patients making an unscheduled return to the ED with the same complaint within 72h of discharge Abdominal pain in patients >70 years Atraumatic chest pain in patients >30 years To reflect the ST4+ levels of clinician that were used in the UK, senior sign-off in this audit was defined as review by, or a case discussion with, an EM consultant, SpR, or senior registrar with 4+ years of EM experience. Thus, these patients cannot be treated with a targeted therapy and have poorer outcomes compared to patients with other subforms of breast cancer. p53 it is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Precision public health is an emergent field that requires transdisciplinary collaborations and leverages innovative approaches to improve population health. These opportunities have inspired a new generation of precision public health researchers. Despite burgeoning interest in precision public health, there are limited opportunities for researchers to convene and continue the momentum of this field. Methods: The Transdisciplinary Conference for Future Leaders in Precision Public Health was the among the first events to bring together international researchers and practitioners to learn, network, and agenda set for the future of the field. The conference took place virtually on October 14 and 15, 2021. Results: The conference spanned two days and featured a keynote address, speakers from public health disciplines who are international leaders in precision-based research, networking opportunities, a poster session, and research agenda setting activities. Conclusion: The conference was a critical first step to creating a shared international conversation about precision public health, especially among early-stage investigators. This allowed attendees to continue building their individual skills and international collaborations to support the growth of the field of precision public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of geographic information system (GIS) technologies to improve access to health is gaining momentum in Africa. This has become more pertinent with the increasing penetration of mobile-phone technology and internet use, and calls for innovative strategies to support implementation of the World Health Organization Sustainable Development Goals for universal health coverage on the continent. The huge potential benefits of GIS to advance health service delivery in Africa is, however, yet to be fully harnessed due to critical challenges such as proliferation of pilot projects, poor coordination, inadequate preparedness of the health workforce for GIS, lack of interoperability, and inadequate sustainable financing. To discuss these challenges and propose the way forward for rapid, cost-effective, and sustainable deployment of GIS, the African Regional GIS Summit was held in Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo, on 7–10 October 2019 under the umbrella of the AFRO GIS Centre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A72 Impact of dolutegravir based regimen on viral load suppression in Tanga region Kweyamba Sarah, Mkawe Simon, Kilimba Edwin, Mponzi Victor, Muya Aisa, Mboggo Eric, Mwakibambo... AMREF Health Africa Tanzania, Dar es salaam, Tanzania Correspondence: Kweyamba Sarah (Sarah.Kweyamba@Amref.org) B Background b Tanzania had adopted World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation for using Integrase Stand Transfer Inhibitor like Dolutegravir (DTG) first line ART regimen in Tanzania since early 2019 due to less likelihood to resistance and lesser side effects hence more tolerable. A65 Gender equality as a means to improve maternal and child health in Simiyu region Tanzania Jane Tesha1, Agatha Fabian2, Frida Ngalesoni1, Serafina Mkuwa1, Gasto Frumence3 1AMREF Health Africa, Dar es salaam, Tanzania; 2University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania; 3Mumb... Correspondence: Jane Tesha (jane.tesha@amref.org) B Background b Amref Health Africa, through support from Global Affairs Canada, examines whether measures of gender-based roles and responsibilities, decision-making power, access to, and control over resources, and social norms are associated with maternal and child health outcomes in Tanzania. A61 Feeding practice in in Ruvuma region, Tanzania Shanel G Komba, Elizabeth V Popova St Joseph College of Health and Allied Sciences, St Joseph University in Tanzania, Dar es sal... Correspondence: Shanel G Komba (ados.sjchas@gmail.com) B Background b Inappropriate feeding practices for children are the major contributor to poor nutrition status among children under five years in Tanzania. [Extracted from the article]

Patient navigation (PN) represents a branch of service delivery traditionally aimed at coordinating disjointed care services for patients with particular health conditions (e.g., cancer, HIV, diabetes). Over time, this approach has been extended to various social and health contexts, including most recently to children with neurodisability and their families. In this context, PN involves the provision of information, advice, education, and emotional support, coordination of services both within and across sectors, and the work is guided by person- and family-centred principles of practice. This manuscript documents the proceedings of the BC Summit on Navigation for Children and Youth with Neurodevelopmental Differences, Disabilities, and Special Needs, which took place on January 18 and 19, 2021 and was developed in collaboration with a Provincial Advisory Group. Our Summit brought together over 120 individuals, including researchers, government personnel, service providers, educators, healthcare workers, and family advocates. As part of the event, attendees learned from families with lived experience navigating the British Columbian (BC) service system, from BC Children's Hospital Research Institute investigators, and from exemplar providers who deliver navigation services in various contexts (e.g., locally, regionally, and provincially). Attendees also participated in various engagement opportunities, and collaboratively identified directions for developing a future community of navigation and related services in BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Individuals experiencing chronic illnesses face many physical, emotional, and social strains as a result of their illnesses, all the while trying to navigate unfamiliar territory in the healthcare system. Navigation is a strategy that can help people facing complex care needs and barriers to care in finding and accessing needed supports in the health care system. Navigators provide a patient-centred service, guiding individuals through their care plans and overcoming barriers to care. Navigation supports for individuals experiencing complex care needs have shown significant promise and have been gaining traction across Canada. Methods: The Canadian Healthcare Navigation Conference was the first event of its kind in Canada to bring together navigation researchers, service providers, students, decision makers, and individuals with lived experience to share lessons learned, promising practices, and research findings. This event was co-hosted by the Family Navigation Project at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and NaviCare/SoinsNavi at the University of New Brunswick, and took place virtually on April 15–16, 2021. Results: This event spanned two days, which both began with a keynote address, one from a researcher and medical professional in navigation, and another from an individual with lived experience involved in advocacy in Canadian healthcare. Concurrent oral presentations by a variety of presenters were held following each keynote presentation. A poster session was held at the end of the first day, and a panel presentation rounded out the second day. Concurrent and poster presentations covered a range of topics pertaining to approaches to navigation, navigator roles, evaluation and quality improvement, lived experience in navigation, and navigation in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The panel presentation focused on identifying how the navigation field has progressed in Canada and identifying crucial next steps in navigation. These next steps were determined to be: 1) agreement on navigation-related definitions, 2) regulation and training, 3) equity, diversity, inclusion, and accessibility, 4) integrating lived experience, and 5) regional coordination. Conclusion: This conference was an important first step to creating a shared national conversation about navigation services so that we can continue to develop, implement, and share best evidence and practices in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a narrow sense, bioethics of sport focuses on critical consideration of doping, bribery, and corruption in professional sports, but also on the problem of medical ethical principles, for example, the principle of informed consent addressed to an injured athlete by a sports medical physician, as well as ethical dilemmas in choosing between quality medical recovery and rapid recovery of the athlete in order to return to the field as soon as possible, etc. A15 Psychological distress in elite sambo athletes Tatjana Tubi'c, Patrik Drid Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia Correspondence: Tatjana Tubi'c (tttubic@gmail.com) B Background b Previous research suggests that as much as playing sports has a beneficial effect on mental health, playing sports, especially at the elite level, is also a mental health challenge. Namely, researching topics such as commercialization of sport, raising some sport and sports events to the level of spectacle, the insistence on results, the breaking records, the imperative to win, the development of idolatry in sport, the study of fans behaviour (primarily destructive), the social influence of the mass media through sports news, led to an increasingly evident fragmentation of the sociological theoretical approach to the sport itself as social phenomenon [4]. I Inequity and equal opportunities in sport. i Despite geographical expansion and globalization of sport, in terms of the number of Olympic athletes per capita, there are still many (third world) countries struggling under their weight of sport participation: India (125 athlete/ 1.4 billion people), Indonesia (28 athletes/ 274 million) and 26 million North Koreans who do not have access to the games [2]. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Artificial Intelligence (AI) platforms, increasingly deployed in public health, utilize robust data systems as a critical component for health emergency preparedness. Yet, Africa faces numerous challenges in the availability, analyses, and use of data to inform health decision-making. Countries have limited access to their population data. Those with access, struggle to utilize these data for program improvements. Owing to the rapid growth of mobile phone ownership and use in the region, Africa is poised to leverage AI technologies to increase the adoption, access and use of data for health. To discuss and propose solutions for responsible development and adoption of innovations like AI in Africa, a virtual workshop was organized from the 21st to 24th June, 2021. This report highlights critical policy dimensions of strengthening digital health ecosystems by high-level policymakers, technical experts, academia, public and private sector partners. Method: The four days' workshop focused on nine sessions, with each session focusing on three themes. Discussions during the sessions concentrated on public and private sectors, the academia and multilateral organizations' deployment of AI. These discussions expanded participants' understanding of AI, the opportunities and challenges that exist during adoption, including the future of AI for health in the African region. Approximately 250 participants attended the workshop, including countries representatives from ministries of Health, Information and Technology, Developmental Organizations, Private Sector, Academia and Research Institutions among others. Results: The workshop resolved that governments and relevant stakeholders should collaborate to ensure that AI and digital health receive critical attention. Government ownership and leadership were identified as critical for sustainable financing and effective scale-up of AI-enabled applications in Africa. Thus, government is to ensure that key recommendations from the workshop are implemented to improve health sector development in Africa. Conclusions: The AI workshop was a good forum to deliberate important issues regarding AI for health in the African context. It was concluded that there is a need to focus on vital priorities in deploying AI in Africa: Data protection, privacy and sharing protocols; training and creating platforms for researchers; funding and business models; developing frameworks for assessing and implementing AI; organizing forums and conferences on AI; and instituting regulations, governance and ethical guidelines for AI. There is a need to adopt a health systems approach in planning for AI to reduce inefficiencies, redundancies while increasing effectiveness in the use of AI. Thus, robust collaborations and partnerships among governments and various stakeholders were identified as key. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population screening for breast cancer (BC) is currently offered in the UK for women aged 50 to 71 with the aim of reducing mortality. There is additional screening within the national programme for women identified as having a very high risk of BC. There is growing interest in further risk stratification in breast screening, which would require a whole population risk assessment and the subsequent offer of screening tailored to the individual's risk. Some women would be offered more intensive screening than others or no screening. This might provide a better balance of screening benefits and harms for each individual than the current population age-based programme alone. The UK National Screening Committee (UK NSC) is considering using decision-analytic and other models to evaluate different risk stratification screening strategies and identify remaining gaps in evidence. This paper reports the proceedings of a UK NSC workshop where experts in the field discussed both risk prediction models, as well as decision-analytic models providing a benefit-harm analysis/economic evaluation of risk-stratified screening programmes (see Table 1). The aim of the meeting was to present and discuss the current work of experts, including some data which had not been published at the time of the meeting, to inform the UK NSC. The workshop was not intended to present a balanced evaluation of how to deliver screening in future. Areas for further work identified included methods for comparing models to assess accuracy, the optimum risk assessment tools, the digital screening infrastructure, acceptability of stratification, choice of screening test and reducing inequalities. A move to risk stratification of the whole programme would require a careful phased introduction with continuing assessment of real-world evidence during deployment., (© 2024. The Author(s).)