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Abstract Background Rapid weight gain (RWG) during infancy increases the risk of excess weight later in life. Nutrition- and feeding practices associated with RWG need to be further examined. The present study aimed to examine nutrition- and feeding practice-related risk factors for RWG during the first year of life. Methods A population-based longitudinal birth cohort study of 1780 infants, classified as having RWG or non-RWG during 0–3-4, 0–6 and 6–12 months. RWG was defined as a change > 0.67 in weight standard deviation scores. Associations between nutrition- and feeding practice-related factors and RWG were examined with logistic regression models. Results Of the participating infants, 47% had RWG during 0–3-4 months, 46% during 0–6 months and 8% during 6–12 months. In the fully adjusted models, bottle-feeding at birth and at 3–4 months and nighttime meals containing formula milk were positively associated with RWG during 0–3-4 months (p

Abstract Background This study aimed to investigate differences in sucking behavior of infants bottle-fed with vented (so-called anticolic) teats (VTs) and nonvented teats (NVTs). Methods Trial design: Prospective, randomized clinical trial. Ninety-six term, healthy infants (aged 1–8 months) were assessed for eligibility. Seventy-three infants remained for intention-to-treat (ITT) and 65 infants (vented group: n = 31; nonvented group: n = 34) for the per-protocol (PP) analysis. During bottle-feeding, sucks/min, pauses/min, amount of formula intake (mL), feeding time (min), heart rate (bpm), respiratory rate (bpm), and oxygen saturation (%) were recorded. In addition, a parental survey was carried out to reveal possible symptoms of infantile colic. Sample-size calculation and confirmatory and exploratory analyses were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher’s exact test. Results Except for the parameter sucking pauses per minute (NVTs > VTs, p = .03), no differences between groups were found with the ITT and PP analysis. After excluding infants with a disproportionately complementary diet (subgroup analysis, infants aged 1–6 months, n = 54) the primary outcome (sucks per minute) showed significant differences (NVTs > VTs, p = .01). The amount of formula intake, feeding time, and cardiorespiratory parameters were similar in both groups. The parental survey did not show any relation between types of feeding teats and possible symptoms of infantile colic. Conclusions Compared with an NVT group, infants aged 1–6 months need fewer sucks and pauses when fed with VTs. In both groups, equal amounts of feeding medium and feeding time were observed. With NVT feeding, disruption occurs when the bottle vacuum is released by air from the oral cavity. Therefore, higher sucking frequency is needed to rebuild the oral vacuum for bottle milk flow, which implies higher risk of aerophagia. Overall, we suggest that the VTs provided a more coordinated drinking pattern than did the NVTs, which may have a positive effect on gastric distress. Trial registration Trial Registration: DRKS-Trial Registration No. DRKS00004885. Registered April 16, 2013. Universal Trial No. U1111–1141-5857.

Background: Early transition from breastfeeding and non-nutritive sucking habits may be related to occlusofacial abnormalities as environmental factors. Previous studies have not taken into account the potential for interactions between feeding practice, non-nutritive sucking habits and occlusal traits. This study assessed the effects of breast-feeding duration, bottle-feeding duration and non-nutritive sucking habits on the occlusal characteristics of primary dentition in 3-6-year-old children in Peking city. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted via an examination of the occlusal characteristics of 734 children combined with a questionnaire completed by their parents/guardians. The examination was performed by a single, previously calibrated examiner and the following variables were evaluated: presence or absence of deep overbite, open bite, anterior crossbite, posterior crossbite, deep overjet, terminal plane relationship of the second primary molar, primary canine relationship, crowding and spacing. Univariate analysis and multiple logistic regressions were applied to analyze the associations. Results: It was found that a short duration of breast-feeding (never or ≤6 months) was directly associated with posterior cross bite (OR = 3.13; 95% CI = 1.11-8.82; P = 0.031) and no maxillary space (OR = 1.63; 95% CI = 1.23-2.98; P = 0.038). In children breast-fed for ≤6 months, the probability of developing pacifier-sucking habits was 4 times that for those breast-fed for >6 months (OR = 4.21; 95% CI = 1.85-9.60; P = 0.0002). Children who were bottle-fed for over 18 months had a 1.45-fold higher risk of nonmesial step occlusion and a 1.43-fold higher risk of a class II canine relationship compared with those who were bottle-fed for up to 18 months. Non-nutritive sucking habits were also found to affect occlusion: A prolonged digit-sucking habit increased the probability of an anterior open bite, while a pacifier-sucking habit associated with excessive overjet and absence of lower arch developmental space. Conclusion: Breastfeeding duration was shown to be associated with the prevalence of posterior crossbite, no maxillary space in the deciduous dentition and development of a pacifier-sucking habit. Children who had a digit-sucking habit were more likely to develop an open bite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rapid weight gain (RWG) during infancy increases the risk of excess weight later in life. Nutrition- and feeding practices associated with RWG need to be further examined. The present study aimed to examine nutrition- and feeding practice-related risk factors for RWG during the first year of life.Methods: A population-based longitudinal birth cohort study of 1780 infants, classified as having RWG or non-RWG during 0-3-4, 0-6 and 6-12 months. RWG was defined as a change > 0.67 in weight standard deviation scores. Associations between nutrition- and feeding practice-related factors and RWG were examined with logistic regression models.Results: Of the participating infants, 47% had RWG during 0-3-4 months, 46% during 0-6 months and 8% during 6-12 months. In the fully adjusted models, bottle-feeding at birth and at 3-4 months and nighttime meals containing formula milk were positively associated with RWG during 0-3-4 months (p < 0.05 for all). Breastfeeding at 3-4 months and nighttime meals containing breast milk were negatively associated with RWG during this period (p < 0.001). Bottle-feeding at birth, 3-4 and 6 months and nighttime meals containing formula milk at 3-4 months were positively associated with RWG during 0-6 months (p < 0.01 for all). Breastfeeding at 3-4 and 6 months was negatively associated with RWG (p < 0.01). During 6-12 months, only bottle-feeding at 3-4 months was positively associated with RWG (p < 0.05).Conclusions: RWG was more common during the first 6 months of life and bottle-feeding and formula milk given at night were risk factors for RWG during this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]