1. In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals region specific metabolic responses to SIV infection in the macaque brain
- Author
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R. Gilberto Gonzalez, Sarah Pilkenton, Elkan F. Halpern, Andrew A. Lackner, Julian He, Jane B. Greco, Katherine W. Turk, Margaret R. Lentz, Susan V. Westmoreland, Chan-Gyu Joo, Eva-Maria Ratai, Jeffrey P. Bombardier, and Vallent Lee
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ,Cost effectiveness ,Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ,Biology ,Creatine ,Brain mapping ,Choline ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,White matter ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Basal ganglia ,medicine ,Animals ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,030304 developmental biology ,Aspartic Acid ,Brain Mapping ,0303 health sciences ,General Neuroscience ,lcsh:QP351-495 ,Glutamate receptor ,Brain ,Macaca mulatta ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Glutamine ,Disease Models, Animal ,lcsh:Neurophysiology and neuropsychology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Female ,Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ,Protons ,Inositol ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Research Article - Abstract
Background In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) studies of HIV-infected humans have demonstrated significant metabolic abnormalities that vary by brain region, but the causes are poorly understood. Metabolic changes in the frontal cortex, basal ganglia and white matter in 18 SIV-infected macaques were investigated using MRS during the first month of infection. Results Changes in the N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), myo-inositol (MI), creatine (Cr) and glutamine/glutamate (Glx) resonances were quantified both in absolute terms and relative to the creatine resonance. Most abnormalities were observed at the time of peak viremia, 2 weeks post infection (wpi). At that time point, significant decreases in NAA and NAA/Cr, reflecting neuronal injury, were observed only in the frontal cortex. Cr was significantly elevated only in the white matter. Changes in Cho and Cho/Cr were similar across the brain regions, increasing at 2 wpi, and falling below baseline levels at 4 wpi. MI and MI/Cr levels were increased across all brain regions. Conclusion These data best support the hypothesis that different brain regions have variable intrinsic vulnerabilities to neuronal injury caused by the AIDS virus.
- Published
- 2009
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