4,975 results
Search Results
102. Identification of glucocorticoid receptor in Drosophila melanogaster
- Author
-
Bartolo, Gloria, Gonzalez, Leandra O., Alameh, Saleem, Valencia, C. Alexander, and Martchenko Shilman, Mikhail
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
103. Effect of subinhibitory exposure to quaternary ammonium compounds on the ciprofloxacin susceptibility of Escherichia coli strains in animal husbandry
- Author
-
Maertens, H., Demeyere, K., De Reu, K., Dewulf, J., Vanhauteghem, D., Van Coillie, E., and Meyer, E.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
104. Assessment of real-time PCR for Helicobacter pylori DNA detection in stool with co-infection of intestinal parasites: a comparative study of DNA extraction methods
- Author
-
Leonardi, Martina, La Marca, Giulia, Pajola, Barbara, Perandin, Francesca, Ligozzi, Marco, and Pomari, Elena
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
105. Growth inhibition and metabolomic analysis of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae treated with resveratrol
- Author
-
Luo, Huai-Zhi, Guan, Ying, Yang, Rui, Qian, Guo-Liang, Yang, Xian-Hui, Wang, Jun-Song, and Jia, Ai-Qun
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
106. Discovery of thermophilic Bacillales using reduced-representation genotyping for identification
- Author
-
Talamantes-Becerra, Berenice, Carling, Jason, Kilian, Andrzej, and Georges, Arthur
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
107. Optimizing 16S rRNA gene profile analysis from low biomass nasopharyngeal and induced sputum specimens
- Author
-
Claassen-Weitz, Shantelle, Gardner-Lubbe, Sugnet, Mwaikono, Kilaza S., du Toit, Elloise, Zar, Heather J., and Nicol, Mark P.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
108. Insight to shape of soil microbiome during the ternary cropping system of Gastradia elata
- Author
-
Yuan, Qing-Song, Xu, Jiao, Jiang, Weike, Ou, Xiaohong, Wang, Hui, Guo, Lanping, Xiao, Chenghong, Wang, Yanhong, Wang, Xiao, Kang, Chuanzhi, and Zhou, Tao
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
109. Extensively drug-resistant Haemophilus influenzae – emergence, epidemiology, risk factors, and regimen
- Author
-
Su, Pei-Yi, Huang, Ay-Huey, Lai, Chung-Hsu, Lin, Hsiu-Fang, Lin, Tsun-Mei, and Ho, Cheng-Hsun
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
110. Identification of a virulence tal gene in the cotton pathogen, Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum strain Xss-V2–18
- Author
-
Haq, Fazal, Xie, Shiwang, Huang, Kunxuan, Shah, Syed Mashab Ali, Ma, Wenxiu, Cai, Lulu, Xu, Xiameng, Xu, Zhengyin, Wang, Sai, Zou, Lifang, Zhu, Bo, and Chen, Gongyou
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
111. Comparison of bacterial communities in soil samples with and without tomato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum species complex
- Author
-
Zhang, Ying, Hu, Anna, Zhou, Jianuan, Zhang, Wenfei, and Li, Peng
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
112. Profiling of koumiss microbiota and organic acids and their effects on koumiss taste
- Author
-
Tang, Hai, Ma, Huimin, Hou, Qiangchuan, Li, Weicheng, Xu, Haiyan, Liu, Wenjun, Sun, Zhihong, Haobisi, Halatu, and Menghe, Bilige
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
113. Alter between gut bacteria and blood metabolites and the anti-tumor effects of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in breast cancer
- Author
-
Ma, Ji, Sun, Lingqi, Liu, Ying, Ren, Hui, Shen, Yali, Bi, Feng, Zhang, Tao, and Wang, Xin
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
114. Identification of surface proteins in a clinical Staphylococcus haemolyticus isolate by bacterial surface shaving
- Author
-
Wolden, Runa, Pain, Maria, Karlsson, Roger, Karlsson, Anders, Aarag Fredheim, Elizabeth G., and Cavanagh, Jorunn Pauline
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
115. The penile microbiota of Black South African men: relationship with human papillomavirus and HIV infection
- Author
-
Onywera, Harris, Williamson, Anna-Lise, Cozzuto, Luca, Bonnin, Sarah, Mbulawa, Zizipho Z. A., Coetzee, David, Ponomarenko, Julia, and Meiring, Tracy L.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
116. The different dietary sugars modulate the composition of the gut microbiota in honeybee during overwintering
- Author
-
Wang, Hongfang, Liu, Chunlei, Liu, Zhenguo, Wang, Ying, Ma, Lanting, and Xu, Baohua
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
117. The mismatch repair system (mutS and mutL) in Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1
- Author
-
Zhou, Hua, Zhang, Linyue, Xu, Qingye, Zhang, Linghong, Yu, Yunsong, and Hua, Xiaoting
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
118. Profiling the urinary microbiome in men with calcium-based kidney stones
- Author
-
Xie, Jing, Huang, Jian-sheng, Huang, Xiang-jiang, Peng, Jun-ming, Yu, Zhou, Yuan, Ye-qing, Xiao, Ke-feng, and Guo, Ji-nan
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
119. Effects of iron on the growth, biofilm formation and virulence of Klebsiella pneumoniae causing liver abscess
- Author
-
Chen, Tao, Dong, Guofeng, Zhang, Siqin, Zhang, Xiucai, Zhao, Yajie, Cao, Jianming, Zhou, Tieli, and Wu, Qing
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
120. Characterization and whole genome sequencing of a novel strain of Bergeyella cardium related to infective endocarditis
- Author
-
Pan, Hongwei, Li, Wei, Sun, Enhua, and Zhang, Yi
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
121. Antineoplastic with DNA fragmentation assay and anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory with gene expression activity of Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from local Egyptian milk products.
- Author
-
Elhalik, Mohamed A., Mekky, Alsayed E., Khedr, Mohamed, and Suleiman, Waleed B.
- Subjects
REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ,LACTIC acid bacteria ,LACTOBACILLUS plantarum ,HIGH performance liquid chromatography ,NUCLEAR fragmentation - Abstract
Many lactic acid bacteria (LAB), known for their human health benefits, are derived from milk and utilized in biotherapeutic applications or for producing valuable nutraceuticals. However, the specific role of milk-associated LAB in biotherapeutics remains underexplored. To address this, eight milk product samples were randomly selected from the Egyptian market, diluted, and then cultured anaerobically on MRS agar. Subsequently, 16 suspected LAB isolates were recovered and underwent rapid preliminary identification. Among these isolates, the Lactobacillus plantarum strain with accession number (OQ547261.1) was identified due to its strong antioxidant activity depending on the DPPH assay, L. plantarum displayed notable antioxidant activities of 71.8% and 93.8% at concentrations of 125–1000 µg/mL, respectively. While ascorbic acid showed lower concentrations of 7.81, 3.9, and 1.95 µg/mL which showed activities of 45.1%, 34.2%, and 27.2%, respectively. The anti-inflammatory efficacy of L. plantarum was evaluated based on its capability to prevent hemolysis induced by hypotonic conditions. At a concentration of 1000 µg/mL, L. plantarum could reduce hemolysis by 97.7%, nearly matching the 99.5% inhibition rate achieved by the standard drug, indomethacin, at an identical concentration. Moreover, L. plantarum exhibited high hemolytic activity at 100 µg/mL (14.3%), which decreased to 1.4% at 1000 µg/mL. The abundance of phenolic acids and flavonoids was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in L. plantarum. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) demonstrated that L. plantarum increased gene expression of the inflammatory marker TLR2 by 133%, and cellular oxidation markers SOD1 and SOD2 by 65% and 74.2%, respectively, while suppressing CRP expression by 33.3%. These results underscore L. plantarum's exceptional anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Furthermore, L. plantarum induces cancer cell death through necrotic nuclear DNA fragmentation. These findings suggest that L. plantarum is not only suitable for nutraceutical production but also holds potential as a probiotic strain. Future research should focus on enhancing the capacity of this strain across various industries and fostering innovation in multiple fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
122. Bacterial community dynamics as a result of growth-yield trade-off and multispecies metabolic interactions toward understanding the gut biofilm niche.
- Author
-
Valiei, Amin, Dickson, Andrew M., Aminian-Dehkordi, Javad, and Mofrad, Mohammad R. K.
- Subjects
COLONIZATION (Ecology) ,MICROBIAL ecology ,SOCIAL ecology ,BACTERIAL communities ,MICROBIAL communities - Abstract
Bacterial communities are ubiquitous, found in natural ecosystems, such as soil, and within living organisms, like the human microbiome. The dynamics of these communities in diverse environments depend on factors such as spatial features of the microbial niche, biochemical kinetics, and interactions among bacteria. Moreover, in many systems, bacterial communities are influenced by multiple physical mechanisms, such as mass transport and detachment forces. One example is gut mucosal communities, where dense, closely packed communities develop under the concurrent influence of nutrient transport from the lumen and fluid-mediated detachment of bacteria. In this study, we model a mucosal niche through a coupled agent-based and finite-volume modeling approach. This methodology enables us to model bacterial interactions affected by nutrient release from various sources while adjusting individual bacterial kinetics. We explored how the dispersion and abundance of bacteria are influenced by biochemical kinetics in different types of metabolic interactions, with a particular focus on the trade-off between growth rate and yield. Our findings demonstrate that in competitive scenarios, higher growth rates result in a larger share of the niche space. In contrast, growth yield plays a critical role in neutralism, commensalism, and mutualism interactions. When bacteria are introduced sequentially, they cause distinct spatiotemporal effects, such as deeper niche colonization in commensalism and mutualism scenarios driven by species intermixing effects, which are enhanced by high growth yields. Moreover, sub-ecosystem interactions dictate the dynamics of three-species communities, sometimes yielding unexpected outcomes. Competitive, fast-growing bacteria demonstrate robust colonization abilities, yet they face challenges in displacing established mutualistic systems. Bacteria that develop a cooperative relationship with existing species typically obtain niche residence, regardless of their growth rates, although higher growth yields significantly enhance their abundance. Our results underscore the importance of bacterial niche dynamics in shaping community properties and succession, highlighting a new approach to manipulating microbial systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
123. Synergistic effect of fosfomycin and colistin against KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae: pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics combined with transcriptomic approach.
- Author
-
Zhang, Jiajie, Xu, Liqian, Zhang, Kanghui, Yue, Junpeng, Dong, Kaixuan, Luo, Qixia, Yu, Wei, and Huang, Yicheng
- Subjects
BACTERICIDAL action ,RIBOSOMAL proteins ,GENETIC transcription ,KLEBSIELLA pneumoniae ,REACTIVE oxygen species ,FOSFOMYCIN - Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the synergistic effect and mechanisms of fosfomycin (FM) combined with colistin (COL) against KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC-Kp). Methods: The bactericidal effects, induced drug resistance and cytotoxicity of FM combined with COL were evaluated by time-kill assays and mutation rate test. Time-kill assays and transcriptomics analysis were used to further clarify the mechanism of FM combined with COL. The bacteria were taken from different points in time-kill assays, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide and redox related enzymes were detected. The mechanism of synergistic bactericidal action was analyzed by transcriptome. Results: The bactericidal effect of FM combined with COL was better than that of monotherapy. The mutation frequency of FM alone at low dose (8 mg/L) was higher than that at high dose (64 mg/L). COL induced resistant isolates resulted in FM and COL resistance, while FM alone or combined with COL only resulted in FM resistance. The survival rate of Thp-1 cells in FM combined with COL against K. pneumoniae was higher than that of monotherapy. The intracellular nitric oxide, activities of total superoxide dismutase and catalase were increased along with the increase of FM concentration against KPC-Kp. FM combined with COL induced ROS accumulation and antioxidant capacity increase. Transcriptome analysis showed FM combined with COL could regulate the levels of soxRS and oxidative phosphorylation, in order to clear ROS and repair damage. In addition, FM combined with COL could result in synergetic bactericidal efficacy by inhibiting ribosomal transcription. Conclusions: FM combined with COL mediated synergistic bactericidal effect by regulating ROS accumulation and inhibiting ribosomal protein transcription, resulting in lower resistance and cytotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
124. Genetic framework sequencing analysis of Candida tropicalis in dairy cow mastitis and study of pathogenicity and drug resistance.
- Author
-
Jiang, Chenxi, Fang, Weile, Chen, Shupeng, Guo, Xiaoquan, Gao, Xiaona, Liu, Pei, Hu, Guoliang, Li, Guyue, Mai, Wanrui, and Liu, Ping
- Subjects
CANDIDA tropicalis ,DAIRY cattle ,AMPHOTERICIN B ,FUNGAL virulence ,DRUG resistance ,ITRACONAZOLE ,LUNGS - Abstract
Candida tropicalis (C. tropicalis) is a zoonotic pathogen that is widespread in the environment and in recent years an increasing number of dairy cows have been infected with the fungus causing mastitis in cows.In this study, 37 milk samples from the udders of cows with clinical mastitis were collected from a dairy farm in Guangxi Province, China, from which C. tropicalis was isolated and identified, and then the isolated fungi were subjected to genome frame map sequencing, genome functional analysis as well as comparative genome analysis of the sequencing results, and combined with the virulence test of the fungi and drug sensitivity test of the fungi determined in infected mice, the resistance genes and pathogenicity of the fungi were Analysis of resistance genes and pathogenicity.Our study results revealed the isolation and characterisation of C. tropicalis from diseased cows, with a genome length of approximately 14.27 Mb. Functional annotation of the genome identified 4068 genes associated with C. tropicalis. The strain exhibited a chemoresistance mutation in the gene cyp51,a virulence-enhancing mutation in the gene VTC4, and mutations in genes linked to drug resistance. Pathogenicity tests demonstrated that C. tropicalis could induce damage to the internal organs of mice, leading to different levels of cyanosis in the abdominal cavity, white necrotic foci on the surface of internal organs, lung hemorrhage, and enlargement of the spleen and thymus.Histological sections also revealed varying degrees of hemorrhage and degenerative changes in the cells of different organs in the mice. Drug sensitivity tests showed that the fungus was highly sensitive to nystatin and ketoconazole, moderately sensitive to amphotericin B, and insensitive to antibiotics such as itraconazole, gentamicin, and penicillin. In conclusion, C. tropicalis isolated from dairy cows in the Guangxi region in this study was pathogenic and resistant to azoles such as itraconazole and fluconazole, and this study provides a theoretical basis for the further screening of novel resistance genes in C. tropicalis, as well as providing a certain reference for the drugs used for the treatment of fungal cow mastitis in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
125. Whole genome sequence analysis of multi-drug resistant and biofilm-forming Staphylococcus haemolyticus isolated from bovine milk.
- Author
-
Ajose, Daniel Jesuwenu, Abolarinwa, Tesleem Olatunde, Oluwarinde, Bukola Opeyemi, Montso, Peter Kotsoana, Fayemi, Omolola Esther, Aremu, Adeyemi Oladapo, and Ateba, Collins Njie
- Subjects
MOBILE genetic elements ,WHOLE genome sequencing ,GENETIC profile ,DAIRY cattle ,GENOME size ,TETRACYCLINES - Abstract
Background: Milk is an excellent growth medium for microorganisms due to its nutritive composition. Microorganisms have been implicated in bovine mastitis (BM) in dairy cows as well as causing infections in animals and humans. Despite extensive endeavours to manage BM, this condition continues to persist as the most prevalent and economically burdensome problem affecting dairy cattle on a global scale. Non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) species such as Staphylococcus haemolyticus, S. epidermidis, and S. xylosus are currently the predominant microbiological agents identified as the main cause of subclinical udder infections and are also considered opportunistic pathogens in cases of clinical mastitis in dairy cows. Therefore, it is crucial to elucidate the genetic profile of these species. The primary objective of this study was to characterise three phenotypically determined multidrug-resistant NAS environmental strains (NWU MKU1, NWU MKU2, and NWU MKS3) obtained from dairy cows milk via whole-genome sequencing. Results: The results confirmed that the three isolates were S. haemolyticus with genome sizes of 2.44, 2.56, and 2.56 Mb and a G + C content of 32.8%. The genomes contained an array of antibiotic resistance genes that may potentially confer resistance to a range of antibiotic classes, such as macrolides, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, peptides, and phenicol. Furthermore, all the genomes carried virulence genes, which are responsible for several functions, such as adhesion, enzyme and toxin production. The genomes of these organisms contained signatures encoding mobile genetic elements such as prophages and insertion sequences. Conclusion: These findings indicate there is a need for diligent monitoring with improved management practices and quality control strategies on farms to safeguard milk production systems and human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
126. Recombinant Lactiplantibacilllus plantarum modulate gut microbial diversity and function.
- Author
-
Huang, Quntao, Xing, Junhong, Tang, Fang, Ren, Jianluan, Wang, Chunfeng, and Xue, Feng
- Subjects
AFRICAN swine fever virus ,GUT microbiome ,BACTERIAL metabolism ,METABOLIC regulation ,SPECIES diversity ,AFRICAN swine fever - Abstract
Background: Gut microbes are important regulators of host health and can also function as disease indicators. Lactiplantibacilllus plantarum(L. plantarum)used as express and delivery vaccines for mucosal immunity have been shown to activate specific immune responses in numerous studies. Results: The interaction between recombinant L. plantarum and the gut microbiota was investigated in this study. The results indicated a change in the amount of gut OTU by recombinant L. plantarum. Recombinant L. plantarum dramatically boosted the species diversity of gut bacteria based on the Shannon-Wiener index. Beta diversity analysis showed that microbial structure was changed by recombinant L. plantarum. Furthermore, recombinant NC8 L. plantarum expressing a fusion between the P14.5 protein of the African swine fever virus and IL-33 enhanced the functions of gut bacteria in metabolism and immune regulation. Increased levels of IgG and IgG1 in serum and sIgA in feces, as well as enrichment of CD4
+ T cells and IgA+ B cells, indicated that the gut microbiota exerted an immunomodulatory role when mediated by recombinant L. plantarum. Conclusions: These results revealed that recombinant L. plantarum exerted its potential role in the gut microbiota and gut immunity.These fndings contribute to a broader understanding and utilization of L. plantarum bacteria in various therapeutic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
127. Streptomyces sp. from desert soil as a biofactory for antioxidants with radical scavenging and iron chelating potential.
- Author
-
Shah, Imran, Uddin, Zia, Hussain, Maheer, Khalil, Atif Ali Khan, Amin, Arshia, Hanif, Faisal, Ali, Liaqat, Amirzada, Muhammad Imran, Shah, Tawaf Ali, Dawoud, Turki M., Bourhia, Mohammed, Li, Wen-Jun, and Sajjad, Wasim
- Subjects
ETHYLENEDIAMINE ,THIN layer chromatography ,IRON in the body ,EXTREME environments ,ANALYTICAL chemistry - Abstract
Iron homeostasis is vital for normal physiology, but in the majority of circumstances, like iron overload, this equilibrium is upset leading to free iron in the plasma. This condition with excess iron is known as hemochromatosis, which has been linked to many side effects, including cancer and liver cirrhosis. The current research aimed to investigate active molecules from Streptomyces sp. isolated from the extreme environment of Bahawalpur deserts. The strain was characterized using 16 S rRNA sequencing. Chemical analysis of the ethyl acetate cure extract revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins. Multiple ultraviolet (UV) active metabolites that were essential for the stated pharmacological activities were also demonstrated by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Additionally, Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed the primary constituents of the extract to compose of phenol and ester compounds. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was used to assess the extract's antioxidant capacity, and the results showed a good half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC
50 ) value of 0.034 µg/mL in comparison to the positive control ascorbic acid's 0.12 µg/mL. In addition, iron chelation activity of extract showed significant chelation potential at 250 and 125 µg/mL, while 62.5 µg/mL showed only mild chelation of the ferrous ion using ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) as a positive control. Likewise, the extract's cytotoxicity was analyzed through 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay using varying concentrations of the extract and showed 51% cytotoxicity at 350 µg/mL and 65% inhibition of cell growth at 700 µg/mL, respectively. The bioactive compounds from Streptomyces sp. demonstrated strong antioxidant and iron chelating potentials and can prolong the cell survival in extreme environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
128. Intraspecific diversity of Erwinia amylovora strains from northern Algeria.
- Author
-
Talhi, Lina, Barbé, Silvia, Navarro-Herrero, Inmaculada, Sebaihia, Mohammed, and Marco-Noales, Ester
- Subjects
ERWINIA amylovora ,PLANT diseases ,BACTERIAL diseases ,FATTY acids ,CRISPRS ,BACTERIAL wilt diseases - Abstract
Background: Fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora, is the most destructive bacterial disease affecting plants in the Rosaceae family, leading to significant economic losses. In Algeria, this disease has been reported since 2010. This study aimed to investigate the origin of fire blight in Algeria, in order to increase knowledge of the epidemiology of this serious disease and contribute to its management. A comprehensive characterization of 18 E. amylovora isolates recovered from northern Algeria between 2016 and 2021 to evaluate their phenotypical and genotypical diversity was conducted. Results: Phenotypic differences, particularly in growth kinetics, virulence, and fatty acid profiles, allowed differentiation of strains into five groups, possibly indicating distinct introduction events. Genetic characterization revealed that only one strain lacked the ubiquitous plasmid pEA29, which is correlated with reduced virulence, while none harbored the pEI70 plasmid. Phylogenetic analysis using concatenated sequences of the recA, groEL, rpoS, ams, and hrpN genes grouped Algerian strains with those from a broadly prevalent clade. CRISPR genotyping identified a novel CR1 pattern and three genotypes, two of them previously unreported. Conclusions: This study represents the first phenotypic, genetic, and phylogenetic investigation of E. amylovora strains in the region, and provides valuable information on the possible pathways of the introduction of this fire blight pathogen in northern Africa. The findings suggest one or more introduction events from a common ancestor, likely originating in northern Italy, followed by dispersal in various regions of Algeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
129. The enhanced antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of titanium dioxide nanoparticles biosynthesized by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
- Author
-
Haji, Sayran Hamad, Ganjo, Aryan R., Faraj, Tola A., Fatah, Mohammed H., and Smail, Sakar B.
- Subjects
TITANIUM dioxide nanoparticles ,FIELD emission electron microscopy ,ANTI-infective agents ,PSEUDOMONAS aeruginosa ,TRANSMISSION electron microscopy ,AMIKACIN - Abstract
The emergence of Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are becoming a major worldwide health concern, encouraging the development effective alternatives to conventional antibiotics. The study identified P. aeruginosa and assessed its antimicrobial sensitivity using the Vitek-2 system. Carbapenem-resistant genes were detected through Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). MDR- P. aeruginosa isolates were used to biosynthesize titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO
2 NPs) and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). A study involving 78 P. aeruginosa isolates revealed that 85.8% were MDR, with meropenem and amikacin showing effectiveness against 70% of the isolates. The most prevalent carbapenemase gene was blaOXA-48 , present in 83% of the isolates. Majority of the isolates formed biofilms, and biosynthesized TiO2 NPs were able to reduce biofilm formation by 94%. TiO2 NPs exhibited potent antibacterial action against MDR-Gram-negative bacilli pathogens and showed synergistic activity with antibiotics, particularly piperacillin, with a significant fold increase in areas (283%). A new local strain of P. aeruginosa, identified as ON678251 in the World GenBank, was found capable of producing TiO2 NPs. Our findings demonstrate the potential of biosynthesized TiO2 NPs to manage antibiotic resistance and regulate the formation of biofilms. This presents a promising direction for the creation of novel antimicrobial agents or substitutes for use in clinical settings, particularly in the management of isolates capable of resisting multiple drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
130. Effects of different temperature and density on quality and microbial population of wilted alfalfa silage.
- Author
-
Liu, Jingyi, Hao, Junfeng, Zhao, Muqier, Yan, Xingquan, Jia, Yushan, Wang, Zhijun, and Ge, Gentu
- Subjects
FEED analysis ,LACTIC acid bacteria ,LACTIC acid ,HIGH temperatures ,MICROBIAL communities ,MICROORGANISM populations - Abstract
In this experiment, alfalfa silage with different packing densities (500 kg/m
3 、600 kg/m3 and 700 kg/m3 ) was prepared under the conditions of outdoor high temperature and indoor room temperature, respectively. At the same time, the same lactobacillus additive was used for fermentation in each density treatment group. The chemical composition, fermentation quality and microbial community of alfalfa silage were analyzed. The results showed that the contents of dry matter (DM) and water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) decreased with the increase of density during fermentation at high temperature. At the same time, when the density is 600 kg/m³, CP (crude protein) content is the highest, ADF (acid detergent fiber) content is the lowest. The contents and pH values of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), lactic acid (LA) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were significantly affected by temperature (p < 0.05). Density had significant effects on DM, NDF, WSC and LA contents (p < 0.05). The interaction between temperature and density had significant effects on the content of ADF and LAB (p < 0.05). At the same time, the abundance of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum in high temperature fermented silage was lower than that in normal temperature fermented feed. The number of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum in room temperature treatment group decreased with the increase of density. In summary, this study clarified the effects of different temperature and density on alfalfa fermentation quality and microbial community, and clarified that the density should be reasonably controlled within 600 kg/m³ during alfalfa silage, providing theoretical support for production practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
131. Enterobacter spp. isolates from an underground coal mine reveal ligninolytic activity.
- Author
-
Rammala, Bame J., Ramchuran, Santosh, Chunilall, Viren, and Zhou, Nerve
- Subjects
MINES & mineral resources ,COAL mining ,CARBON-carbon bonds ,SPECIALTY chemicals ,ENTEROBACTER ,LIGNINS ,LIGNANS - Abstract
Lignin, the second most abundant renewable carbon source on earth, holds significant potential for producing biobased specialty chemicals. However, its complex, highly branched structure, consisting of phenylpropanoic units and strong carbon-carbon and ether bonds, makes it highly resistant to depolymerisation. This recalcitrancy highlights the need to search for robust lignin-degrading microorganisms with potential for use as industrial strains. Bioprospecting for microorganisms from lignin-rich niches is an attractive approach among others. Here, we explored the ligninolytic potential of bacteria isolated from a lignin-rich underground coalmine, the Morupule Coal Mine, in Botswana. Using a culture-dependent approach, we screened for the presence of bacteria that could grow on 2.5% kraft lignin-supplemented media and identified them using 16 S rRNA sequencing. The potential ligninolytic isolates were evaluated for their ability to tolerate industry-associated stressors. We report the isolation of twelve isolates with ligninolytic abilities. Of these, 25% (3) isolates exhibited varying robust ligninolytic ability and tolerance to various industrial stressors. The molecular identification revealed that the isolates belonged to the Enterobacter genus. Two of three isolates had a 16 S rRNA sequence lower than the identity threshold indicating potentially novel species pending further taxonomic review. ATR-FTIR analysis revealed the ligninolytic properties of the isolates by demonstrating structural alterations in lignin, indicating potential KL degradation, while Py-GC/MS identified the resulting biochemicals. These isolates produced chemicals of diverse functional groups and monomers as revealed by both methods. The use of coalmine-associated ligninolytic bacteria in biorefineries has potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
132. Peritoneal dialysis promotes microbial-driven biosynthesis pathways of sesquiterpenes and triterpenes compounds in end-stage renal disease patients.
- Author
-
Wang, Xinran, Yao, Siqi, Yang, Xinyu, Li, Yuxin, Yu, Zheng, Huang, Jing, and Wang, Jianwen
- Subjects
CHRONIC kidney failure ,RENAL replacement therapy ,PERITONEAL dialysis ,SHOTGUN sequencing ,GUT microbiome - Abstract
The concept of the gut-kidney axis is gaining significant attention due to the close relationship between gut microbiota and kidney disease. Peritoneal dialysis is recognized as a crucial renal replacement therapy for end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The alterations in gut microbiota and related mechanisms after receiving this dialysis method are not fully understood. This study conducted shotgun metagenomic sequencing on fecal samples from 11 end-stage renal disease patients who did not receive dialysis (ESRD_N) and 7 patients who received peritoneal dialysis (ESRD_P). After quality control and correlation analysis of the data, our study is aimed at exploring the impact of peritoneal dialysis on the gut microbiota and health of ESRD patients. Our research findings indicate that the complexity and aggregation characteristics of gut microbiota interactions increase in ESRD_P. In addition, the gut microbiota drives the biosynthesis pathways of sesquiterpenes and triterpenes in ESRD_P patients, which may contribute to blood purification and improve circulation. Therefore, our research will lay the foundation for the prevention and treatment of ESRD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
133. Role of tenofovir dipivoxil in gut microbiota recovery from HBV-infection induced dysbiosis.
- Author
-
Long, Jianfei, Saw, Maximilian, Zhang, Pan, Wang, Li, Li, Ling, Ren, Hongyan, Liu, Chao, Ma, Zhenxuan, Zhang, Jiming, and Wang, Bin
- Subjects
CHRONIC hepatitis B ,GUT microbiome ,ANTIVIRAL agents ,DYSBIOSIS ,RHIZOBIACEAE ,HEPATITIS B virus - Abstract
Background: Studies have found dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in individuals infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Tenofovir dipivoxil (TDF) is one of the preferred oral antiviral drugs used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB), but the extent to which TDF is able to affect the gut microbiota and inflammatory factors of a patient remains largely unexplored. In this study, we collected stool samples from HBV patients prior to medication and from CHB patients treated with TDF. Results: The gut microbiota and inflammatory factors were assessed in 42 healthy subjects (HC group), 109 HBV-infected subjects, including 48 CHB patients who were not medicated with nucleoside analogue drugs (No-NAs group), and 61 CHB patients who were medicated with TDF (TDF group). 16 S rRNA sequencing revealed that TDF treatment caused significant changes in the gut microbiota of HBV-infected individuals; however, the gut microbiota of HBV-infected individuals did not fully recover to a pre-dysbiosis state. The relative abundance of Bacteroidota gradually decreased from the HC group to the No-NAs and TDF groups. The relative abundance of Fusobacteriota was significantly higher in the No-NAs group than in the HC group. At the genus level, Dialister, Eubacterium_hallii_group, Halomonas, Collinsella, Sphingomonas, Xanthomonadaceae_unclassified, and Rhizobiaceae_unclassified were overrepresented; while the abundance of Bacteroides and Fusobacterium decreased significantly in the No-NAs and TDF groups. Conclusions: This study showed that TDF treatment significantly improved the regulation of the gut microbiota and aided in dysbiosis recovery. We did not observe significant improvement in serum inflammatory factor concentrations, which may be related to the relatively short duration of TDF administration in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
134. Diaporthe species causing shoot dieback of Acer (maple) in Henan Province, China.
- Author
-
Gao, Wenkai, Cao, Jiayuan, Xie, Yuxu, Sun, Xiuyuan, Ma, Qingzhou, Geng, Yuehua, Xu, Chao, Guo, Yashuang, and Zhang, Meng
- Abstract
Background: Maple is an important ornamental plant in China. With the increasing use of maple trees in landscaping, a symptom of shoot dieback has been observed in Henan province, China. Results: In this study, 28 Diaporthe isolates were obtained from symptomatic shoots of maple trees between 2020 and 2023. Phylogenetic analyses based on five loci (ITS, TEF, CAL, HIS and TUB) coupled with morphology of 12 representative isolates identified three known species (D. eres, D. pescicola and D. spinosa) and one new species, namely D. pseudoacerina sp. nov. Koch’s postulates confirmed that all these species were pathogenic. Additionally, D. pseudoacerina was able to infect China wingnut (Pterocarya stenoptera), pear (Pyrus sp.), and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia). This study marks the first report of Diaporthe spinosa and D. pescicola pathogens infecting maple trees. Conclusions: These findings enhance the existing knowledge of the taxonomy and host diversity of Diaporthe species as, while also providing valuable information for managing of maple shoot dieback in Henan Province, China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
135. Genetic and phenotypic diversity of Flavobacterium psychrophilum isolates from Czech salmonid fish farms.
- Author
-
Vaibarova, Vera, Kralova, Stanislava, Palikova, Miroslava, Schwarzerova, Jana, Nejezchlebova, Julie, Cejkova, Darina, and Cizek, Alois
- Subjects
FISH farming ,GENETIC variation ,BROWN trout ,SALMON farming ,RAINBOW trout - Abstract
Background: The salmonid pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum poses a significant economic threat to global aquaculture, yet our understanding of its genetic and phenotypic diversity remains incomplete across much of its geographic range. In this study, we characterise the genetic and phenotypic diversity of 70 isolates collected from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (Salmo trutta m. fario) from fish farms in the Czech Republic between 2012 and 2019 to compare their genomic content with all draft or complete genomes present in the NCBI database (n = 187). Results: The Czech isolates underwent comprehensive evaluation, including multiplex PCR-based serotyping, genetic analysis, antimicrobial resistance testing, and assessment of selected virulence factors. Multiplex PCR serotyping revealed 43 isolates as Type 1, 23 as Type 2, with sporadic cases of Types 3 and 4. Multi-locus sequence typing unveiled 12 sequence types (ST), including seven newly described ones. Notably, 24 isolates were identified as ST329, a novel sequence type, while 22 were classified as the globally-distributed ST2. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated clonal distribution of ST329 in the Czech Republic, with these isolates lacking a phage sequence in their genomes. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed a high proportion of isolates classified as non-wild type with reduced susceptibility to oxolinic acid, oxytetracycline, flumequine, and enrofloxacin, while most isolates were classified as wild type for florfenicol, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and erythromycin. However, 31 isolates classified as wild type for florfenicol exhibited minimum inhibitory concentrations at the susceptibility breakpoint. Conclusion: The prevalence of the Czech F. psychrophilum serotypes has evolved over time, likely influenced by the introduction of new isolates through international trade. Thus, it is crucial to monitor F. psychrophilum clones within and across countries using advanced methods such as MLST, serotyping, and genome sequencing. Given the open nature of the pan-genome, further sequencing of strains promises exciting discoveries in F. psychrophilum genomics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
136. Lactic acid bacteria isolated from women' breast milk and infants' faeces have appreciable immunogenic and probiotic potentials against diarrheagenic E. coli strains.
- Author
-
Obisesan, Abiola O., Abiodun, Oyindamola O., and Ayeni, Funmilola A.
- Subjects
LACTIC acid bacteria ,BREAST milk ,ESCHERICHIA coli ,ULTRAVIOLET spectrophotometry ,LACTIC acid ,PROBIOTICS - Abstract
Diarrheal diseases remain the leading cause of high mortality among the infants, particularly in the developing countries; Probiotic intervention for diarrhea has been an ongoing novel approach to diarrheal prevention and treatment. This study aims to characterize immunogenic and probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from human breast milk and neonates' faeces. The LAB isolates from 16 mothers' breast milk and 13 infants' faeces were screened and identified by 16 S rRNA gene partial sequencing. Their antimicrobial activities against 5 strains of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli were tested. Organic acids production was quantified by HPLC, and antibiotic resistance pattern were determined by VITEK
® . Autoaggregation, co-aggregation and hydrophobicity properties were assessed by UV spectrophotometry and immunomodulatory effect was determined in mouse model. Ninety-three LAB of five genera were identified. The most abundant species was Lactiplantibacillus plantarum with inhibition zones ranged from 8.0 to 25.0 ± 1 mm. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus A012 had 76.8 mg/mL lactic acid, (the highest concentration), was susceptible to all antibiotics tested. L. plantarum A011 and L. rhamnosus A012 were highly resistance to gastrointestinal conditions. L. rhamnosus A012 produced hydrophobicity of 25.01% (n-hexadecane), 15.4% (xylene) and its autoaggregation was 32.52%. L. rhamnosus A012 and L. plantarum A011 exert immunomodulatory effects on the cyclophosphamide-treated mice by upregulating anti-inflammatory cytokine and downregulating proinflammatory cytokines. Lactobacillus sp. demonstrated good probiotic and immunomodulatory properties. Further works are ongoing on the practical use of the strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
137. Evaluation of 1021Bp, a close relative of Pseudomonas eucalypticola, for potential of plant growth promotion, fungal pathogen suppression and boxwood blight control.
- Author
-
Kong, Ping and Hong, Chuanxue
- Abstract
Background: Pseudomonas eucalypticola, a new species of the P. fluorescens group that generates most Pseudomonas-based biocontrol agents, has not been found in any plants other than Eucalyptus dunnii leaves. Except for antagonism to the growth of a few fungi, its features in plant growth promotion and disease control have not been evaluated. Here, we identified a similar species of P. eucalypticola, 1021Bp, from endophyte cultures of healthy leaves of English boxwood (Buxus sempervirens ‘Suffruticosa’) and investigated its antifungal activity, plant growth promotion traits, and potential for boxwood blight control. Results: Colorimetric or plate assays showed the properties of 1021Bp in nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and siderophores, as well as the growth suppression of all five plant fungal pathogens, including causal agents of widespread plant diseases, gray mold, and anthracnose. Boxwood plant leaves received 87.4% and 65.8% protection from infection when sprayed with cell-free cultural supernatant (CFS) but not the resuspended bacterial cells at 10
8–9 /mL of 1021Bp at one and seven days before inoculation (dbi) with boxwood blight pathogen, Calonectria pseudonaviculata, at 5 × 104 spores/mL. They also received similarly high protection with the 1021Bp cell culture without separation of cells and CFS at 14 dbi (67.5%), suggesting a key role of 1021Bp metabolites in disease control. Conclusions: Given the features of plant growth and health and its similarity to P. eucalypticola with the P. fluorescens lineage, 1021Bp has great potential to be developed as a safe and environmentally friendly biofungicide and biofertilizer. However, its metabolites are the major contributors to 1021Bp activity for plant growth and health. Application with the bacterial cells alone, especially with nonionic surfactants, may result in poor performance unless survival conditions are present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
138. Extreme trophic tales: deciphering bacterial diversity and potential functions in oligotrophic and hypereutrophic lakes.
- Author
-
Xie, Guijuan, Zhang, Yuqing, Gong, Yi, Luo, Wenlei, and Tang, Xiangming
- Abstract
Background: Oligotrophy and hypereutrophy represent the two extremes of lake trophic states, and understanding the distribution of bacterial communities across these contrasting conditions is crucial for advancing aquatic microbial research. Despite the significance of these extreme trophic states, bacterial community characteristics and co-occurrence patterns in such environments have been scarcely interpreted. To bridge this knowledge gap, we collected 60 water samples from Lake Fuxian (oligotrophic) and Lake Xingyun (hypereutrophic) during different hydrological periods. Results: Employing 16S rRNA gene sequencing, our findings revealed distinct community structures and metabolic potentials in bacterial communities of hypereutrophic and oligotrophic lake ecosystems. The hypereutrophic ecosystem exhibited higher bacterial α- and β-diversity compared to the oligotrophic ecosystem. Actinobacteria dominated the oligotrophic Lake Fuxian, while Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were more prevalent in the hypereutrophic Lake Xingyun. Functions associated with methanol oxidation, methylotrophy, fermentation, aromatic compound degradation, nitrogen/nitrate respiration, and nitrogen/nitrate denitrification were enriched in the oligotrophic lake, underscoring the vital role of bacteria in carbon and nitrogen cycling. In contrast, functions related to ureolysis, human pathogens, animal parasites or symbionts, and phototrophy were enriched in the hypereutrophic lake, highlighting human activity-related disturbances and potential pathogenic risks. Co-occurrence network analysis unveiled a more complex and stable bacterial network in the hypereutrophic lake compared to the oligotrophic lake. Conclusion: Our study provides insights into the intricate relationships between trophic states and bacterial community structure, emphasizing significant differences in diversity, community composition, and network characteristics between extreme states of oligotrophy and hypereutrophy. Additionally, it explores the nuanced responses of bacterial communities to environmental conditions in these two contrasting trophic states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
139. Correlation of gut microbial diversity to sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy.
- Author
-
Khan, Rehana, Sharma, Abhishek, Ravikumar, Raghul, Sivaprasad, Sobha, and Raman, Rajiv
- Subjects
DIABETIC retinopathy ,MACULAR edema ,SPECIES diversity ,GUT microbiome ,DIABETES - Abstract
Purpose: To determine the association of gut microbiome diversity and sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) amongst patients with pre-existing diabetes. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed, wherein 54 participants selected in total were placed into cases cohort if diagnosed with STDR and those without STDR but had a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus of at least 10-year duration were taken as controls. Statistical analysis comparing the gut microbial alpha diversity between cases and control groups as well as patients differentiated based on previously hypothesized Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes(B/F) ratio with an optimal cut-off 1.05 to identify patients with STDR were performed. Results: Comparing gut microbial alpha diversity did not show any difference between cases and control groups. However, statistically significant difference was noted amongst patients with B/F ratio ≥1.05 when compared to B/F ratio < 1.05; ACE index [Cut-off < 1.05:773.83 ± 362.73; Cut-off > 1.05:728.03 ± 227.37; p-0.016]; Chao1index [Cut-off < 1.05:773.63 ± 361.88; Cut-off > 1.05:728.13 ± 227.58; p-0.016]; Simpson index [Cut-off < 1.05:0.998 ± 0.001; Cut-off > 1.05:0.997 ± 0.001; p-0.006]; Shannon index [Cut-off < 1.05:6.37 ± 0.49; Cut-off > 1.05:6.10 ± 0.43; p-0.003]. Sub-group analysis showed that cases with B/F ratio ≥ 1.05, divided into proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and clinically significant macular edema (CSME), showed decreased diversity compared to controls (B/F ratio < 1.05). For PDR, all four diversity indices significantly decreased (p < 0.05). However, for CSME, only Shannon and Simpson indices showed significant decrease in diversity (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Based on clinical diagnosis, decreasing gut microbial diversity was observed among patients with STDR, although not statistically significant. When utilizing B/F ratio, the decreasing gut microbial diversity in STDR patients seems to be associated due to species richness and evenness in PDR when compared to decreasing species richness in CSME. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
140. Metagenomic profiling of gut microbiota in Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) larvae fed on different host plants.
- Author
-
Wu, Li-hong, Hu, Chao-xing, and Liu, Tong-xian
- Subjects
FALL armyworm ,AMINO acid metabolism ,GUT microbiome ,HOST plants ,STARCH metabolism ,CAPSICUM annuum - Abstract
Background: The fall armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda) is a polyphagous pest known for causing significant crop damage. The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in influencing the biology, physiology and adaptation of the host. However, understanding of the taxonomic composition and functional characteristics of the gut microbiota in FAW larvae fed on different host plants remains limited. Methods: This study utilized metagenomic sequencing to explore the structure, function and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) of the gut microbiota in FAW larvae transferred from an artificial diet to four distinct host plants: maize, sorghum, tomato and pepper. Results: The results demonstrated significant variations in gut microbiota structure among FAW larvae fed on different host plants. Firmicutes emerged as the dominant phylum, with Enterococcaceae as the dominant family and Enterococcus as the prominent genus. Notably, Enterococcus casseliflavus was frequently observed in the gut microbiota of FAW larvae across host plants. Metabolism pathways, particularly those related to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, played a crucial role in the adaptation of the FAW gut microbiota to different host plants. KEGG orthologs associated with the regulation of the peptide/nickel transport system permease protein in sorghum-fed larvae and the 6-phospho-β-glucosidase gene linked to glycolysis/gluconeogenesis as well as starch and sucrose metabolism in pepper-fed larvae were identified. Moreover, the study identified the top 20 ARGs in the gut microbiota of FAW larvae fed on different host plants, with the maize-fed group exhibiting the highest abundance of vanRC. Conclusions: Our metagenomic sequencing study reveals significant variations in the gut microbiota composition and function of FAW larvae across diverse host plants. These findings underscore the intricate co-evolutionary relationship between hosts and their gut microbiota, suggesting that host transfer profoundly influences the gut microbiota and, consequently, the adaptability and pest management strategies for FAW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
141. Evaluation of the synbiotic effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and mushroom extract on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, and immune status of zebrafish danio rerio.
- Author
-
Hosseini, Seyedeh Sedigheh, Sudaagar, Mohammad, Zakariaee, Hamideh, Paknejad, Hamed, Baruah, Kartik, and Norouzitalab, Parisa
- Subjects
FISH farming ,DIGESTIVE enzymes ,ZEBRA danio ,ASPERGILLUS niger ,NATURAL immunity ,PREBIOTICS - Abstract
Background: The quest for candidate probiotics and prebiotics to develop novel synbiotics for sustainable and profitable fish farming remains a major focus for various stakeholders. In this study, we examined the effects of combining two fungal probiotics, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger with extracts of Jerusalem artichoke and white button mushroom to develop a synbiotic formulation to improve the growth and health status of zebrafish (Danio rerio). An initial in vitro study determined the most effective synbiotic combination, which was then tested in a 60-day in vivo nutritional trial using zebrafish (80 ± 1.0 mg) as a model animal. Four experimental diets were prepared: a control diet (basal diet), a prebiotic diet with 100% selected mushroom extract, a probiotic diet with 10
7 CFU of S. cerevisiae/g of diet, and a synbiotic diet with 107 CFU of S. cerevisiae/g of diet and 100% mushroom extract. As readouts, growth performance, survival, digestive enzyme activity and innate immune responses were evaluated. Results: In vitro results showed that the S. cerevisiae cultured in a medium containing 100% mushroom extract exhibited the maximum specific growth rate and shortest doubling time. In the in vivo test with zebrafish, feeding them with a synbiotic diet, developed with S. cerevisiae and mushroom extract, led to a significant improvement in the growth performance of zebrafish (P < 0.05). The group of zebrafish fed with the synbiotic diet showed significantly higher levels of digestive enzyme activity and immune responses compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Taken together, these results indicated that the combination of S. cerevisiae and mushroom extract forms an effective synbiotic, capable of enhancing growth performance and immune response in zebrafish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
142. DUF1127-containing protein and ProQ had opposite effects on biofilm formation in Vibrio alginolyticus.
- Author
-
Feng, Ruonan, Chen, Ying, Chen, Tongxian, Hu, Zhong, and Peng, Tao
- Subjects
RNA-binding proteins ,VIBRIO alginolyticus ,GENETIC regulation ,GENETIC transcription regulation ,OXIDATIVE stress - Abstract
The RNA binding protein is crucial for gene regulation at the post transcription level. In this study, functions of the DUF1127-containing protein and ProQ, which are RNA-binding proteins, were revealed in Vibrio alginolyticus. DUF1127 deletion increased the ability of biofilm formation, whereas ProQ deletion reduced the amount of biofilm. Moreover, extracellular proteinase secretion was significantly reduced in the DUF1127 deletion strain. ProQ, not DUF1127-containing protein, can help the cell to defense oxidative stress. Deletion of DUF1127 resulted in a higher ROS level in the cell, however, ProQ deletion showed no difference. RNA-seq unveiled the expression of genes involved in extracellular protease secretion were significantly downregulated and biofilm synthesis-related genes, such as rbsB and alsS, were differentially expressed in the DUF1127 deletion strain. ProQ affected the expression of genes involved in biofilm synthesis (flgC and flgE), virulence (betB and hutG), and oxidative stress. Moreover, the DUF1127-containing and ProQ affected the mRNA levels of various regulators, such as LysR and BetI. Overall, our study revealed that the DUF1127-containing protein and ProQ have crucial functions on biofilm formation in V. alginolyticus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
143. Antivirulence activities of Rutin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles against pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus.
- Author
-
Esnaashari, Fatemeh and Zahmatkesh, Hossein
- Subjects
CELL morphology ,STAPHYLOCOCCUS aureus ,MEMBRANE permeability (Biology) ,INSPECTION & review ,ZETA potential - Abstract
Background: Staphylococcus aureus is an infectious bacterium that is frequently found in healthcare settings and the community. This study aimed to prepare rutin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (Rut-CS NPs) and assess their antibacterial activity against pathogenic strains of S. aureus. Results: The synthesized Rut-CS NPs exhibited an amorphous morphology with a size ranging from 160 to 240 nm and a zeta potential of 37.3 mV. Rut-CS NPs demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus strains. Following exposure to Rut-CS NPs, the production of staphyloxanthin pigment decreased by 43.31–89.63%, leading to increased susceptibility of S. aureus to hydrogen peroxide. Additionally, visual inspection of cell morphology indicated changes in membrane integrity and permeability upon Rut-CS NPs exposure, leading to a substantial increase (107.07–191.08%) in cytoplasmic DNA leakage in the strains. Furthermore, ½ MIC of Rut-CS NPs effectively inhibited the biofilm formation (22.5–37.5%) and hemolytic activity (69–82.59%) in the S. aureus strains. Conclusions: Our study showcases that Rut-CS NPs can serve as a novel treatment agent to combat S. aureus infections by altering cell morphology and inhibiting virulence factors of S. aureus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
144. Antibacterial efficacy of mycobacteriophages against virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- Author
-
Jeyasankar, Sharumathi, Kalapala, Yeswanth Chakravarthy, Sharma, Pallavi Raj, and Agarwal, Rachit
- Subjects
MYCOBACTERIAL diseases ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,DRUG resistance in bacteria ,MYCOBACTERIUM tuberculosis ,BACTERIOPHAGES ,TUBERCULOSIS - Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health concern, with drug-resistant strains posing a significant challenge to effective treatment. Bacteriophage (phage) therapy has emerged as a potential alternative to combat antibiotic resistance. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of widely used mycobacteriophages (D29, TM4, DS6A) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) under pathophysiological conditions associated with TB, such as low pH and hypoxia. We found that even at low multiplicity of infection (MOI), mycobacteriophages effectively infected M. tuberculosis, got rapidly amplified, and lysed M. tuberculosis, demonstrating their potential as therapeutic agents. Furthermore, we observed a novel phage tolerance mechanism with bacteria forming aggregates after several days of phage treatment. These aggregates were enriched with biofilm components and metabolically active bacteria. However, no phage tolerance was observed upon treatment with the three-phage mixture, highlighting the dynamic interplay between phages and bacteria and emphasizing the importance of phage cocktails. We also observed that phages were effective in lysing bacteria even under low pH and low oxygen concentrations as well as antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Our results provide key insights into phage infection of slow-growing bacteria and suggest that mycobacteriophages can effectively eliminate M. tuberculosis in complex pathophysiological environments like hypoxia and acidic pH. These results can aid in developing targeted phage-based therapies to combat antibiotic-resistant mycobacterial infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
145. Biocontrol of rusted root rot in Panax ginseng by a combination of extracts from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YY8 crude protein and Enterobacteriaceae YY115 ethyl acetate.
- Author
-
Feng, Shuaiqi, Zhao, Yuchi, Wang, Qiuyu, Zhang, Jiyue, Liang, Xue, Fu, Zhuoyue, Li, Yanjie, Dong, Weiwei, and Ji, Wenxiu
- Subjects
ELECTRICAL conductivity measurement ,BIOPESTICIDES ,SUSTAINABLE agriculture ,BACILLUS amyloliquefaciens ,AGRICULTURAL development - Abstract
Background: Rusted root rot is one of the most common root diseases in Panax ginseng, and Cylindrocarpon destructans is one of the main pathogenic fungus. The objective of this study was to screen and explore the extracts of biocontrol bacteria isolated from ginseng rhizosphere soil against Cylindrocarpon destructans. Results: Bacterial strains Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YY8 and Enterobacteriacea YY115 were isolated and found to exhibit in vitro antifungal activity against C. destructans. A combination of crude protein extract from B. amyloliquefaciens YY8 and ethyl acetate extract from Enterobacteriacea YY115 in a 6:4 ratio exhibited the strongest antifungal activity against C. destructans. Measurements of electrical conductivity, protein content, and nucleic acid content in suspension cultures of C. destructans treated with a mixture extracts indicated that the extracts disrupted the cell membranes of rusted root rot mycelia, resulting in the leakage of electrolytes, proteins, and nucleic acids from the cells, and ultimately inhibiting the growth of C. destructans. The combined extracts suppressed the infection of ginseng roots discs by C. destructans effectively. Conclusion: The extracts obtained from the two bacterial strains effectively inhibited C. destructans in P. ginseng. It can provide scientific basis for the development of new biological control pesticides, reduce the use of chemical pesticides, and promote the sustainable development of agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
146. Differences in the landscape of colonized microorganisms in different oral potentially malignant disorders and squamous cell carcinoma: a multi-group comparative study.
- Author
-
Zhou, Xuan, Cai, Xinjia, Tang, Qian, Zhang, Jianyun, Bai, Jiaying, Jing, Fengyang, Gao, Li, Zhang, Heyu, and Li, Tiejun
- Subjects
ORAL lichen planus ,FISHER discriminant analysis ,ORAL microbiology ,ORAL leukoplakia ,SQUAMOUS cell carcinoma - Abstract
Background: The role of microbes in diseases, especially cancer, has garnered significant attention. However, research on the oral microbiota in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) remains limited. Our study investigates microbial communities in OPMDs. Materials and methods: Oral biopsies from19 oral leukoplakia (OLK) patients, 19 proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) patients, 19 oral lichen planus (OLP) patients, and 19 oral lichenoid lesions (OLL) patients were obtained. 15 SCC specimens were also collected from PVL patients. Healthy individuals served as controls, and DNA was extracted from their paraffin-embedded tissues. 2bRAD-M sequencing generated taxonomic profiles. Alpha and beta diversity analyses, along with Linear Discriminant Analysis effect size analysis, were conducted. Results: Our results showed the microbial richness and diversity were significantly different among groups, with PVL-SCC resembling controls, while OLK exhibited the highest richness. Each disease group displayed unique microbial compositions, with distinct dominant bacterial species. Noteworthy alterations during PVL-SCC progression included a decline in Fusobacterium periodonticum and an elevation in Prevotella oris. Conclusions: Different disease groups exhibited distinct dominant bacterial species and microbial compositions. These findings offer promise in elucidating the underlying mechanisms of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
147. Downregulation of Klebsiella pneumoniae RND efflux pump genes following indole signal produced by Escherichia coli.
- Author
-
Salama, Galila G., El-Mahdy, Taghrid S., Moustafa, Walaa H., and Emara, Mohamed
- Subjects
ESCHERICHIA coli diseases ,MIXED infections ,VIRULENCE of bacteria ,BIOMOLECULES ,ESCHERICHIA coli - Abstract
Background: More than a century has passed since it was discovered that many bacteria produce indole, but research into the actual biological roles of this molecule is just now beginning. The influence of indole on bacterial virulence was extensively investigated in indole-producing bacteria like Escherichia coli. To gain a deeper comprehension of its functional role, this study investigated how indole at concentrations of 0.5-1.0 mM found in the supernatant of Escherichia coli stationary phase culture was able to alter the virulence of non-indole-producing bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, which are naturally exposed to indole in mixed infections with Escherichia coli. Results: Biofilm formation, antimicrobial susceptibility, and efflux pump activity were the three phenotypic tests that were assessed. Indole was found to influence antibiotic susceptibly of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae to ciprofloxacin, imipenem, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and amikacin through significant reduction in MIC with fold change ranged from 4 to 16. Biofilm production was partially abrogated in both 32/45 Pseudomonas aeruginosa and all eight Proteus mirabilis, while induced biofilm production was observed in 30/40 Klebsiella pneumoniae. Moreover, acrAB and oqxAB, which encode four genes responsible for resistance-nodulation-division multidrug efflux pumps in five isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae were investigated genotypically using quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR. This revealed that all four genes exhibited reduced expression indicated by 2^−ΔΔCT < 1 in indole-treated isolates compared to control group. Conclusion: The outcomes of qRT-PCR investigation of efflux pump expression have established a novel clear correlation of the molecular mechanism that lies beneath the influence of indole on bacterial antibiotic tolerance. This research provides novel perspectives on the various mechanisms and diverse biological functions of indole signaling and how it impacts the pathogenicity of non-indole-producing bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
148. Retrospective analysis of molecular characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections.
- Author
-
Cheng, Yan, Cheng, Qi, Zhang, Rong, Gao, Jie-ying, Li, Wei, Wang, Fu-kun, He, Zheng-xin, Sun, Qing-qing, Meng, Han-bing, and Yu, Shu
- Subjects
CARBAPENEM-resistant bacteria ,WHOLE genome sequencing ,KLEBSIELLA pneumoniae ,GRAM-negative bacteria ,MORTALITY risk factors - Abstract
Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) is the second most prevalent Gram-negative bacterium causing bloodstream infections (BSIs). In recent years, the management of BSIs caused by KP has become increasingly complex due to the emergence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP). Although numerous studies have explored the risk factors for the development of CRKP-BSIs, the mortality of patients with KP-BSIs, and the molecular epidemiological characteristics of CRKP, the variability in data across different populations, countries, and hospitals has led to inconsistent conclusions. In this single-center retrospective observational study, we utilized logistic regression analyses to identify independent risk factors for CRKP-BSIs and factors associated with mortality in KP-BSI patients. Furthermore, a risk factor-based prediction model was developed. CRKP isolates underwent whole-genome sequencing (WGS), followed by an evaluation of microbiological characteristics, including antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes, as well as epidemiological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis. Results: Our study included a total of 134 patients with KP-BSIs, comprising 50 individuals infected with CRKP and 84 with carbapenem-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae (CSKP). The independent risk factors for CRKP-BSIs were identified as gastric catheterization (OR = 9.143; CI = 1.357–61.618; P = 0.023), prior ICU hospitalization (OR = 4.642; CI = 1.312–16.422; P = 0.017), and detection of CRKP in non-blood sites (OR = 8.112; CI = 2.130-30.894; P = 0.002). Multivariate analysis revealed that microbiologic eradication after 6 days (OR = 3.569; CI = 1.119–11.387; P = 0.032), high Pitt bacteremia score (OR = 1.609; CI = 1.226–2.111; P = 0.001), and inappropriate empirical treatment after BSIs (OR = 6.756; CI = 1.922–23.753; P = 0.003) were independent risk factors for the 28-day mortality in KP-BSIs. The prediction model confirmed that microbiologic eradication after 6.5 days and a Pitt bacteremia score of 4.5 or higher were significant predictors of the 28-day mortality. Bioinformatics analysis identified ST11 as the predominant CRKP sequence type, with bla
KPC−2 as the most prevalent gene variant. CRKP stains carried multiple plasmid-mediated resistance genes along with some virulence genes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated the presence of nosocomial transmission of ST11 CRKP within the ICU. Conclusions: The analysis of risk factors for developing CRKP-BSIs and the association between KP-BSIs and 28-day mortality, along with the development of a risk factor-based prediction model and the characterization of CRKP strains, enhances clinicians' understanding of the pathogens responsible for BSIs. This understanding may help in the timely administration of antibiotic therapy for patients with suspected KP-BSIs, potentially improving outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
149. Solid waste dumpsite leachate and contiguous surface water contain multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing Escherichia coli carrying Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) genes.
- Author
-
Adekanmbi, Abimbola O., Rabiu, Akeem G., Ajose, Daniel J., Akinlabi, Olabisi C., Bolarinwa, Kehinde A., Farinu, Esther P., Olaposi, Adedolapo V., and Adeyemi, Adedoyin O.
- Subjects
SOLID waste ,BACTERIAL transformation ,ESCHERICHIA coli ,SEWAGE ,LEACHATE ,AZITHROMYCIN ,BETA lactamases - Abstract
Dumpsites generate leachates containing bacteria that may carry antibiotic resistance genes, such as extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL). However, the contribution of dumpsite leachates in the environmental spread of ESBL genes has not been investigated in greater detail. This study aimed to quantify the impact of Ajakanga dumpsite leachate on the spread of ESBL genes through surface water. The susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolated from dumpsite leachate and the accompanying surface water to selected antibiotics was assessed by the standardized disc diffusion method. The isolates were evaluated for phenotypic ESBL production using the double disc synergy test (DDST). The detection of ESBL genes in the isolates was carried out using a primer-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Escherichia coli isolates from leachate (n = 26/32) and surface water (n = 9/12) expressed ESBL phenotype. The ESBL-producing isolates showed the highest level of resistance to the 3rd generation cephalosporin antibiotics: cefotaxime (100%), cefpodoxime (97%), ceftazidime (97%), with low resistance observed to imipenem (6%) and azithromycin (3%). All the isolates were multidrug-resistant, showing resistance to three or more classes of antibiotics. All the ESBL-producing E. coli obtained carried bla
CTX−M , 21/35 (60%) carried blaTEM while none of the isolates bore blaSHV . This study found that ESBL-producing Escherichia coli from dumpsite leachate and nearby surface water had identical resistance signatures indicating the relatedness of the isolates, and that dumpsite leachate could contribute to the transfer of ESBL-producing bacteria and their genes to receiving surface water. This study has necessitated the need for a review of the guidelines and operational procedures of dumpsites to forestall a potential public health challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
150. Variations of soil metal content, soil enzyme activity and soil bacterial community in Rhododendron delavayi natural shrub forest at different elevations.
- Author
-
Wang, Li, Tang, Ming, Gong, Jiyi, Malik, Kamran, Liu, Jie, Kong, Xin, Chen, Xianlei, Chen, Lanlan, Tang, Rong, Zheng, Rong, Wang, Jianfeng, and Yi, Yin
- Subjects
METAL content of soils ,SOIL mineralogy ,SOIL microbiology ,BACTERIAL communities ,SOIL enzymology - Abstract
Background: Rhododendron delavayi is a natural shrub that is distributed at different elevations in the karst region of Bijie, China, and that has an important role in preventing land degradation in this region. In this study, we determined the soil mineral element contents and soil enzyme activities. The composition of the soil bacterial community of R. delavayi at three elevations (1448 m, 1643 m, and 1821 m) was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing, and the interrelationships among the soil bacterial communities, mineral elements, and enzyme activities were determined. Results: The Shannon index of the soil bacterial community increased and then decreased with increasing elevation and was highest at 1643 m. Elevations increased the number of total nodes and edges of the soil bacterial community network, and more positive correlations at 1821 m suggested stronger intraspecific cooperation. Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla at all three elevations. The Mantel test and correlation analysis showed that Fe and soil urease significantly affected bacterial communities at 1448 m; interestingly, Chloroflexi was positively related to soil urease at 1448 m, and Actinobacteria was positively correlated with Ni and Zn at 1821 m. Fe and soil urease significantly influenced the bacterial communities at lower elevations, and high elevation (1821 m) enhanced the positive interactions of the soil bacteria, which might be a strategy for R. delavayi to adapt to high elevation environments. Conclusion: Elevation significantly influenced the composition of soil bacterial communities by affecting the content of soil mineral elements and soil enzyme activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.