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2 results on '"Aina Harimanana"'

1. Incidence and risk factors of neonatal bacterial infections: a community-based cohort from Madagascar (2018–2021)

Author

Ines Devred, Lison Rambliere, Perlinot Herindrainy, Lovarivelo Andriamarohasina, Aina Harimanana, Frederique Randrianirina, Elisoa Hariniaina Ratsima, Delphine Hivernaud, Elsa Kermorvant-Duchemin, Zafitsara Zo Andrianirina, Armya Youssouf Abdou, Elisabeth Delarocque-Astagneau, Didier Guillemot, Tania Crucitti, Jean-Marc Collard, and Bich-Tram Huynh

Subjects
Neonatal, Severe Bacterial Infection, Antibiotic resistance, Madagascar, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Few studies on neonatal severe bacterial infection are available in LMICs. Data are needed in these countries to prioritize interventions and decrease neonatal infections which are a primary cause of neonatal mortality. The BIRDY project (Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Drug Resistant among Young Children) was initially conducted in Madagascar, Senegal and Cambodia (BIRDY 1, 2012–2018), and continued in Madagascar only (BIRDY 2, 2018–2021). We present here the BIRDY 2 project whose objectives were (1) to estimate the incidence of neonatal severe bacterial infections and compare these findings with those obtained in BIRDY 1, (2) to identify determinants associated with severe bacterial infection and (3) to specify the antibiotic resistance pattern of bacteria in newborns. Methods The BIRDY 2 study was a prospective community-based mother and child cohort, both in urban and semi-rural areas. All pregnant women in the study areas were identified and enrolled. Their newborns were actively and passively followed-up from birth to 3 months. Data on clinical symptoms developed by the children and laboratory results of all clinical samples investigated were collected. A Cox proportional hazards model was performed to identify risk factors associated with possible severe bacterial infection. Findings A total of 53 possible severe bacterial infection and 6 confirmed severe bacterial infection episodes were identified among the 511 neonates followed-up, with more than half occurring in the first 3 days. For the first month period, the incidence of confirmed severe bacterial infection was 11.7 per 1,000 live births indicating a 1.3 -fold decrease compared to BIRDY 1 in Madagascar (p = 0.50) and the incidence of possible severe bacterial infection was 76.3, indicating a 2.6-fold decrease compared to BIRDY 1 in Madagascar (p

Published
2023
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2. Paradoxical risk perception and behaviours related to Avian Flu outbreak and education campaign, Laos

Author

Aina Harimanana, Cindy S. Chu, Hubert Barennes, Somvay Ongkhammy, and Somchay Lorvongseng

Subjects
Adult, Male, Veterinary medicine, Hand washing, media_common.quotation_subject, Highly pathogenic, medicine.disease_cause, Poultry, Disease Outbreaks, Education, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Random Allocation, Hygiene, Behavior Therapy, Environmental health, Surveys and Questionnaires, Zoonoses, Influenza, Human, medicine, Animals, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Poultry Diseases, media_common, Family Characteristics, Education campaign, business.industry, virus diseases, Outbreak, Middle Aged, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, Risk perception, Cross-Sectional Studies, Infectious Diseases, Laos, Influenza in Birds, Female, Rural area, business, Research Article
Abstract

Background In Laos, small backyard poultry systems predominate (90%). The first lethal human cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) occurred in 2007. Few studies have addressed the impact of outbreaks and education campaigns on a smallholder producer system. We evaluated awareness and behaviours related to educational campaigns and the 2007 HPAI outbreaks. Methods During a national 2-stage cross-sectional randomised survey we interviewed 1098 households using a pre-tested questionnaire in five provinces representative of the Southern to Northern strata of Laos. We used multivariate analysis (Stata, version 8; Stata Corporation, College Station, TX, USA) to analyse factors affecting recollection of HPAI educational messages, awareness of HPAI, and behaviour change. Results Of the 1098 participants, 303 (27.6%) received training on HPAI. The level of awareness was similar to that in 2006. The urban population considered risk to be decreased, yet unsafe behaviours persisted or increased. This contrasted with an increase in awareness and safe behaviour practices in rural areas. Reported behaviour changes in rural areas included higher rates of cessation of poultry consumption and dead poultry burial when compared to 2006. No participants reported poultry deaths to the authorities. Overall, 70% could recall an educational message but the content and accuracy differed widely depending on training exposure. Washing hands and other hygiene advice, messages given during the HPAI educational campaign, were not recalled. Trained persons were able to recall only one message while untrained participants recalled a broader range of messages. Factors associated with an awareness of a threat of AI in Laos were: having received HPAI training, literacy level, access to TV, recent information, living in rural areas. Conclusion We report a paradoxical relationship between unsafe behaviours and risk perception in urban areas, as well as exposure to HPAI training and message misinterpretation. Future educational campaigns need to be tailored to specific target populations and farming styles, for example, small holder farms as compared to commercial farms. Special attention must be given to varying risk perceptions and the risk of misinterpretation of key messages, economic hardship, and real life consequences of reporting.

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