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Background: To study the competency of general practitioners (GPs) in Shanghai, China on prevention and management of type 2 diabetes, also understand factors that may prohibit it. Methods: A survey questionnaire with 25 questions was designed based on 2013 Chinese Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Guidelines and Chinese Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Guidelines (Grassroots Edition) and conducted among 789 GPs who work at 54 community healthcare centers (CHCs) within 16 districts at Shanghai, China. Excel 2016 and SPSS 24.0 were used for data analysis, and a difference of P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The GPs did poorly on three aspect of diabetes prevention and treatment: (1) treatment goals in elderly patients, (2) screening methods for high-risk population, and (3) aspirin contraindications. The statistical analysis data showed that GPs who finished standardized training had correct answer on 13.58 ± 3.31 questions out of total 25, with mean accuracy rate of 54.32%. Except the questions for high-risk population screening method and the diagnostic criteria for type 2 diabetes, there was no difference in the accuracy of other questions between GPs with or without standardized training (P < 0.05). However, sex, educational level, and subspecialty experience are affective factors on their competency in type 2 diabetes prevention and treatment knowledge. Conclusion: The results indicated that communities should strengthen the training of GPs in diabetes management and bidirectional referral. Frequent continuing education and skills training should be provided among GPs at CHCs to ensure their competency of type 2 diabetes prevention and treatment knowledge after obtaining their GP license disregard of their standardized training. In addition, attention should be paid to GPs who had lower education background or non-clinical subspecialty experience to strengthen their clinical knowledge of type 2 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]