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Background: Benign ethnic neutropenia (BEN), defined by neutrophil count <1.5 k/μL in the absence of other causes, is an asymptomatic condition more commonly observed in individuals of African ancestry. However, the natural history of this condition has been less well described., Methods: Individuals with BEN were retrospectively identified by chart review or referral to hematology clinics. They were then invited to enroll in a prospective natural history study. Retrospective and prospective clinical and laboratory data were combined for descriptive analyses., Findings: 46 participants, younger and older adults from 2 institutions, had BEN. Hypertension was reported in 30%, musculoskeletal disorders in 15%, and upper respiratory infection in 33% of these adults. Their leukopenia resulted from isolated neutropenia, ranging from 1000 and 1500 cells/μL. The severity of infections was mild and the frequency was similar to other healthy individuals in the ambulatory clinic., Interpretation: In this group of BEN participants, their leukopenia was stable over time, and they had low rates of infections or common medical disorders, confirming the benign nature of this condition. The presence of BEN in children, younger adults, and older adults suggest a hereditary pattern for BEN., (Published by Elsevier Inc.)