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Background Fanconi anemia (FA) is a condition characterized by congenital malformations, low height, and progressive bone marrow failure during childhood, genomic instability and hypersensitivity to DNA cross-linking agents. Bone marrow transplantation (BMT), is currently the only treatment capable to restore normal hematopoiesis and improve survival of these patients. To achieve a successful allogeneic BMT, a normal T-cell immunity reconstitution is required.1,2 Objective To describe the kinetics of immune reconstitution in six patients with FA after BMT, having used a reduce intensity conditioning regimen, well as associated infections during the post-transplant process. Methods We describe the distribution in peripheral blood of CD3+ T lymphocytes, CD16 +/CD56+ NK cells, CD4+ helper T lymphocytes, CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes and CD19+/CD20+ B cells, in six patients with FA, after BMT from an HLA-matching sibling and complete chimerism, on days +90, +120, +150, +180, +210 and +360. The conditioning regimen employed consisted of fludarabine (Flu) 150 mg/m2, cyclophosphamide 20 mg/kg and rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (r-ATG) 20 mg/kg. Infection was determined by a positive reaction of the DNA polymerase chain to Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus, Adenovirus and BK virus (BKV), as well as galactomannan antigen and antibodies against Candida sp, or positive bacterial cultures. Results We observed different kinetics regarding the recovery of different lymphocyte subpopulations, starting from day +90. CD16+/CD56+ NK cells recovered first, between days 90 and 120, followed by CD8+ T lymphocytes between day +120 and +150, CD19+/CD20+ B cells between day +180 and +210, and finally, CD4+ T lymphocytes starting from day 210. Five patients presented infection in the post-BMT stage. Four patients before +90, developed CMV infection, based on positive reaction of the CMV polymerase chain. All patient responses to ganciclovir therapy and no CMV disease were documented. The fifth patient presented with meningitis due to Lysteria monocitogenes and BKV hemorrhagic cystitis at day +153; this patient had the diagnosis of chronic-graft versus host disase, and was treated with ampicillin, rifampicin and intravenous immunoglobulin, evolving satisfactorily. All patients remain alive and well. Discussion Most patients in our report developed CMV infection, as being reported with FLU and anti-thymocyte globulin combination. We observed a later reconstitution in comparison with patients in whom lower doses of r-ATG ( Conclusion Immunological reconstitution after a BMT in FA patients is determinant for morbidity and mortality, mainly due to opportunistic infections and GVHD. We observed that recovery kinetics of different lymphocyte populations is different in cases in which higher doses of r-GAT are used, also an early detection and prompt treatment of opportunistic infections may be determinant for patient's survival. Conflict-of-interest disclosure: The authors declare they have nothing to disclose. Correspondence: Gerardo López-Hernández. loherge@gmail.com BibliographyOgonek J, Kralj Juric M, Ghimire S, Varanasi PR, Holler E, Greinix H, et al. Immune reconstitution after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Front immunol. 2016; 7 (507):1-15.Smith AR, Wagner JE. Current clinical management of Fanconi anemia. Expert Rev Hematol. 2012; 5 (5): 513-522.Perlingeiro-Beltrame M, Malvezzi M, Bonfim C, Tadeu Covas D, Pasquini R. Immune reconstitution in patients with Fanconi anemia after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Cytotherapy. 2014; 0: 1e14. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Background Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is used in pediatric patients with acute leukemia, after a relapse to bone marrow, or in first remission in case of high risk disease. If necessary, 75% of the cases do not have a compatible related donor and it is not always possible to have a compatible unrelated donor or an umbilical cord blood unit. Therefore, using haploidentical alternative donors of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) is becoming more frequent. Objective The purpose of this is to report the results of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) in a group of pediatric patients, which lacks a related HLA compatible donor, at the National Pediatrics Institute in México City, México, in the period between January 2012 thru December 2016. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 27 patients´ files Results Fourteen patients (51.6%) presented complete and sustained chimerism. Overall survival is presented in Figure 1. Graft failure occurred (48.1%) more frequently in the group of patients in whom bone marrow was used as a source of HSC (p=0.26). Nine patients with complete chimera, whose HSC source turned out to be PB, presented acute-GVHD III-IV (p = 0.06). Four of the patients whom presented full engraftment died, three of them due to infectious processes (cytomegalovirus pneumonia, AH1N1 pneumonia, abdominal sepsis secondary to intestinal perforation and E. coli sepsis), before +100-day post-transplantation. All these patients presented acute-GVHD III-IV. The fourth patient who died, also the cause was infectious (pulmonary sepsis secondary to Morganella morganii), thirteen months after the transplant and without history of GVHD. Of the thirteen patients who presented primary graft failure, seven of them are alive and without evidence of tumoral activity Discussion Haploidentical transplantation with PTCy is a feasible therapeutic option in pediatric patients with malignant hematological diseases who require a HSCT and do not have a matched sibling or unrelated donor available. Conflict-of-interest disclosure: The authors declare they have nothing to disclose. Correspondence: Gerardo López-Hernández. loherge@gmail.com BibliographyKlein OR, Buddenbaum J, Tucker N, et al. Nonmyeloablative Haploidentical Bone Marrow Transplantation with Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide for Pediatric and Young Adult Patients with High-Risk Hematologic Malignancies. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2017; 23(2): 325-332.González-Llano O, González-López EE, Ramírez-Cázares AC, et al. Haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation with posttransplant cyclophosphamide in children and adolescents with hematological malignancies. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2016; 63: 2033-2037.Robinson TM, O'Donnell PV, Fuchs EJ, Luznik L. Haploidentical bone marrow and stem cell transplantation: experience with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide. Semin Hematol. 2016; 53(2): 90-97.Fuchs EJ, Huang XJ, Miller JS. HLA-haploidentical stem cell transplantation for hematologic malignancies. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2010; 16 (1 Suppl): S57-S63. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.