1. Enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity of multifactorial adjuvants compared with unitary adjuvants as cancer vaccines
- Author
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Ross M. Kedl, Edward J. Usherwood, Randolph J. Noelle, Arief A. Suriawinata, Anna Wasiuk, Shinichiro Fuse, Cory L. Ahonen, Mary Jo Turk, Marc S. Ernstoff, and James D. Gorham
- Subjects
Male ,Cell Transplantation ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Immunology ,CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Biology ,Cancer Vaccines ,Biochemistry ,Antibodies ,Mice ,Immune system ,Adjuvants, Immunologic ,Immunity ,Cell Line, Tumor ,medicine ,Animals ,CD40 Antigens ,Neoplasm Metastasis ,Lung ,Melanoma ,Immunobiology ,Membrane Glycoproteins ,CD40 ,FOXP3 ,Cell Biology ,Hematology ,Immunotherapy ,Acquired immune system ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Vaccination ,Liver ,Toll-Like Receptor 7 ,biology.protein ,Cancer vaccine ,Immunologic Memory - Abstract
Identification of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their ligands, and tumor necrosis factor–tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-TNFR) pairs have provided the first logical, hypothesis-based strategies to molecularly concoct adjuvants to elicit potent cell-mediated immunity via activation of innate and adaptive immunity. However, isolated activation of one immune pathway in the absence of others can be toxic, ineffective, and detrimental to long-term, protective immunity. Effective engineered vaccines must include agents that trigger multiple immunologic pathways. Here, we report that combinatorial use of CD40 and TLR agonists as a cancer vaccine, compared with monotherapy, elicits high frequencies of self-reactive CD8+ T cells, potent tumor-specific CD8+ memory, CD8+ T cells that efficiently infiltrate the tumor-burdened target organ; therapeutic efficacy; heightened ratios of CD8+ T cells to FoxP3+ cells at the tumor site; and reduced hepatotoxicity. These findings provide intelligent strategies for the formulation of multifactorial vaccines to achieve maximal efficacy in cancer vaccine trials in humans.
- Published
- 2008